Department of Hematology, Oncology, and BMT, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2020;1257:141-154. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-43032-0_12.
Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system that have the ability to recognize malignant cells through balanced recognition of cell-surface indicators of stress and danger. Once activated through such recognition, NK cells release cytokines and induce target cell lysis through multiple mechanisms. NK cells are increasingly recognized for their role in controlling tumor progression and metastasis and as important mediators of immunotherapeutic modalities such as cytokines, antibodies, immunomodulating drugs, and stem cell transplantation. Recent advances in manipulating NK cell number, function, and genetic modification have caused renewed interest in their potential for adoptive immunotherapies, which are actively being tested in clinical trials. Here, we summarize the evidence for NK cell recognition of osteosarcoma, discuss immune therapies that are directly or indirectly dependent on NK cell function, and describe potential approaches for manipulating NK cell number and function to enhance therapy against osteosarcoma.
自然杀伤 (NK) 细胞是先天免疫系统的淋巴细胞，通过平衡识别细胞表面的应激和危险指标，具有识别恶性细胞的能力。一旦通过这种识别被激活，NK 细胞就会释放细胞因子，并通过多种机制诱导靶细胞裂解。NK 细胞在控制肿瘤进展和转移方面的作用以及作为细胞因子、抗体、免疫调节药物和干细胞移植等免疫治疗方式的重要介质的作用，正日益得到认可。目前，人们对操纵 NK 细胞数量、功能和遗传修饰的方法重新产生了兴趣，这些方法正在临床试验中得到积极测试。在这里，我们总结了 NK 细胞识别骨肉瘤的证据，讨论了直接或间接依赖 NK 细胞功能的免疫疗法，并描述了操纵 NK 细胞数量和功能以增强骨肉瘤治疗的潜在方法。
