Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA,
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2014;804:341-53. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-04843-7_19.
Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system that have the ability to recognize malignant cells through detection of a variety of cell-surface indicators of stress and danger. Once activated through such recognition, NK cells release cytokines and induce target cell lysis through a variety of mechanisms. NK cells are increasingly recognized as important mediators of other immunotherapeutic modalities, including cytokines, antibodies, immunomodulators, and stem cell transplantation. Adoptive immunotherapies with NK cells are being tested in early-stage clinical trials, and recent advances in manipulating their number and function have caused a renewed emphasis on this cancer-fighting cell. In this chapter we address the evidence for NK cell recognition of osteosarcoma in vitro and in vivo, discuss new therapies that are directly or indirectly dependent on NK cell function, and describe potential approaches for manipulating NK cell number and function to enhance therapy against osteosarcoma.
自然杀伤 (NK) 细胞是先天免疫系统的淋巴细胞，能够通过检测各种应激和危险的细胞表面指标来识别恶性细胞。一旦通过这种识别被激活，NK 细胞就会释放细胞因子，并通过多种机制诱导靶细胞裂解。NK 细胞被越来越多地认为是其他免疫治疗方式（包括细胞因子、抗体、免疫调节剂和干细胞移植）的重要介导者。用 NK 细胞进行过继免疫疗法正在早期临床试验中进行测试，最近在操纵其数量和功能方面的进展引起了人们对这种抗癌细胞的重新关注。在本章中，我们讨论了 NK 细胞在体外和体内识别骨肉瘤的证据，讨论了直接或间接依赖 NK 细胞功能的新疗法，并描述了操纵 NK 细胞数量和功能以增强骨肉瘤治疗的潜在方法。
