Grigolon Ruth Bartelli, Brietzke Elisa, Trevizol Alisson Paulino, McIntyre Roger S, Mansur Rodrigo B
Post-Graduation Program in Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Post-Graduation Program in Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University School of Medicine, Kingston, ON, Canada; Centre for Neuroscience Studies (CNS), Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
J Psychiatr Res. 2020 Sep;128:16-22. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.05.018. Epub 2020 May 25.
Physical activity (PA) has been proposed as a determinant of cognitive function and is one component of energy balance (EB). EB is the difference between energy intake (EI) and the total daily energy expenditure (TDEE). TDEE is a combination of resting metabolic rate (RMR), thermic effect of food and PA. The potential role of each of these components on cognitive function has not yet been systemically investigated. We aim to evaluate the association between each component of EB on cognition, using baseline and longitudinal data from a clinical trial of caloric restriction (CR). This is a parallel-group, randomized clinical trial comparing two years of 25% CR with two years of ad libitum diet (AL), with 220 healthy volunteers of both sex, aged between 21 and 50 years and initial BMI ≥ 22 kg/m2 and <28 kg/m2. Body weight, fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), and bone mineral content were evaluated, as well as RMR, TDEE, cognitive performance and baseline energy intake. A 30 min/day of a moderate level on a minimum of 5 days/week was advised as PA measure. Longitudinal analysis demonstrated that the influence of CR in the improvement of cognitive performance was moderated by changes in RMR, suggesting that in individuals submitted to CR, the cognitive performance and the RMR improved proportionally, independently of changes in EI and body mass. EB and homeostasis are crucial to modulate the RMR. Moreover, RMR presents an important influence on cognitive function in individuals submitted to CR in a long term.
体育活动（PA）已被认为是认知功能的一个决定因素，并且是能量平衡（EB）的一个组成部分。EB是能量摄入（EI）与每日总能量消耗（TDEE）之间的差值。TDEE是静息代谢率（RMR）、食物热效应和PA的综合结果。这些组成部分中的每一个对认知功能的潜在作用尚未得到系统研究。我们旨在利用热量限制（CR）临床试验的基线和纵向数据，评估EB的各个组成部分与认知之间的关联。这是一项平行组随机临床试验，比较两年25%热量限制与两年自由饮食（AL），共有220名年龄在21至50岁之间、初始BMI≥22kg/m²且<28kg/m²的健康志愿者，男女皆有。评估了体重、脂肪量（FM）、去脂体重（FFM）和骨矿物质含量，以及RMR、TDEE、认知表现和基线能量摄入。建议将每周至少5天、每天30分钟的中等强度运动作为PA的衡量标准。纵向分析表明，RMR的变化调节了CR对认知表现改善的影响，这表明在接受CR的个体中，认知表现和RMR成比例改善，与EI和体重的变化无关。EB和内环境稳定对于调节RMR至关重要。此外，长期接受CR的个体中，RMR对认知功能有重要影响。
