Chen Liang-Mian, Gao Hui-Min, Zhu Jing-Jing, Feng Wei-Hong, Liu Xiao-Qian, Yan Li-Hua, Zhang Yong-Xin, Meng Chen-Xiao-Ning, Wang Zhi-Min, Wang De-Qin
National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China.
Hutchison Whampoa Guangzhou Baiyunshan Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd. Guangzhou 510515, China.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2020 Apr;45(8):1717-1725. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20200106.201.
The effects of the growing periods, processing methods, nutritive organs and cut parts of the herbs on the quality of Andrographis Herba have been studied, which could provide scientific basis for producing high-quality crude materials of Andrographis Herba. A quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker(QAMS) method was used to simultaneously determine 4 diterpene lactones of andrographolide(AD), neoandrographolide(NAD), 14-deoxyandrographolide(14-DAD), and dehydroandrographolide(DHAD) in 78 batches of Andrographis Herba samples. Visual analysis, clustering analysis and partial least squares discrimination analysis(PLS-DA) were used for data processing and mining. The growing periods of Andrographis Herba were divide into the rapid growing stage(Ⅰ), the luxuriant foliage stage(Ⅱ), the bud stage(Ⅲ), the flower stage(Ⅳ), the fruiting stage(Ⅴ) and the later fruiting stage(Ⅵ), six ones in total. The results showed that the total contents of 4 diterpene lactones(TC) kept almost constant in growing periods of Ⅰ-Ⅲ, began to fall off in growing period Ⅳ, decreased rapidly in growing period Ⅴ and reduced to minimum in growing period Ⅵ. Therefore, the best harvesting period for Andrographis Herba was the bud stage. For the processing methods, none significant difference occurred for TC between drying by the sun and drying in the shade. However, in comparison of the samples dried by the sun, the samples dried in the shade exhibited lower content of AD, nonetheless, the higher contents of DHAD and NAD, indicating that the process of drying in the shade may lead to the decomposition and transformation of AD. Therefore, when the weather conditions permitted, the method drying by the sun should be used. The distributions of AD, DHAD and TC in the different cut parts and nutritive organs were determined as follows: upper cut parts > middle cut parts ≈ entire herbs > lower cut parts, leaves > entire herbs > stems. Furthermore, the contents of 4 diterpene lactones in leaves and herbs were much higher than those in stems. Therefore, it was suggested that the upper and middle cut parts of the herbs or the parts containing leaves should be preferred for harvesting to ensure the proportion of the leaves in Andrographis Herba.
研究了穿心莲的生长时期、加工方法、营养器官及采收部位对穿心莲药材质量的影响，可为穿心莲优质原料的生产提供科学依据。采用一测多评法（QAMS）同时测定78批穿心莲药材样品中穿心莲内酯（AD）、新穿心莲内酯（NAD）、14-去氧穿心莲内酯（14-DAD）和脱水穿心莲内酯（DHAD）4种二萜内酯的含量。运用直观分析、聚类分析和偏最小二乘判别分析（PLS-DA）进行数据处理与挖掘。穿心莲的生长时期分为快速生长阶段（Ⅰ）、枝叶繁茂阶段（Ⅱ）、现蕾期（Ⅲ）、花期（Ⅳ）、结果期（Ⅴ）和结果后期（Ⅵ），共6个时期。结果表明，4种二萜内酯总含量（TC）在Ⅰ-Ⅲ生长时期基本保持稳定，在Ⅳ生长时期开始下降，在Ⅴ生长时期迅速降低，在Ⅵ生长时期降至最低。因此，穿心莲的最佳采收期为现蕾期。对于加工方法，晒干和阴干的TC无显著差异。然而，相比晒干的样品，阴干的样品AD含量较低，但DHAD和NAD含量较高，表明阴干过程可能导致AD分解转化。因此，在天气条件允许时，应采用晒干的方法。AD、DHAD和TC在不同采收部位和营养器官中的分布情况如下：上部采收部位＞中部采收部位≈全草＞下部采收部位，叶＞全草＞茎。此外，叶和全草中4种二萜内酯的含量远高于茎中的含量。因此，建议采收时优先选择药材的上部和中部采收部位或含叶部位，以保证穿心莲中叶的比例。
