Murthy Hosakatte Niranjana, Dalawai Dayanand
Department of Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580003, India.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2021 Oct;105(20):7683-7694. doi: 10.1007/s00253-021-11599-y. Epub 2021 Sep 27.
Andrographis paniculata (AP) is a medicinal plant that is traditionally used in Indian, Chinese, Malay, Thai, and Oriental system of medicines to treat various disorders. AP consists of andrographolide (AD), 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (DDAD), and neoandrographolide (NAD) as major diterpene lactones which has extremely bitter properties; therefore, AP is commonly called "King of bitters." AD, DDAD, and NAD are reported to possess therapeutic values such as antioxidant, immunostimulatory, hepatoprotective, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-rheumatoidal, anti-malarial, anti-leishmanial, anti-fertility, anti-obesity, antipyretic, and antimicrobial attributes. According to the Indian Pharmacopoeia, the leaves and tender shoots of AP yield up to 1%, 0.16%, and 0.11% of AD, DDAD, and NAD, respectively, on a dry-weight basis. However, variability in the accumulation of AD, DDAD, and NAD in plants has been reported with respect to species, genotype, season, phenological stage, plant part used, and geography of a region of cultivation. Therefore, cell and tissue culture systems especially cell, shoot, and adventitious root cultures are explored as alternatives for constant and higher production of AD, DDAD, and NAD. This review explores the prospects of exploiting the plant cell and tissue culture systems for the controlled production of AD, DDAD, and NAD. Various strategies such as elicitation by using biological and chemical elicitors are explored for the enhancement of accumulation of AD, DDAD, and NAD in cell and organ cultures. KEY POINTS: • This review explores the possibilities of diterpene lactone production from cell and organ cultures. • Various strategies are explored for the enhanced accumulation of AD, DDAD, and NAD in cell and organ cultures. • Prospects of diterpene lactone production are highlighted.
穿心莲是一种药用植物，在印度、中国、马来西亚、泰国以及东方医学体系中，传统上用于治疗各种疾病。穿心莲含有穿心莲内酯（AD）、14-去氧-11,12-二脱氢穿心莲内酯（DDAD）和新穿心莲内酯（NAD）作为主要的二萜内酯，具有极苦的特性；因此，穿心莲通常被称为“苦味之王”。据报道，AD、DDAD和NAD具有抗氧化、免疫刺激、保肝、抗癌、抗炎、抗风湿、抗疟疾、抗利什曼原虫、抗生育、抗肥胖、解热和抗菌等治疗价值。根据《印度药典》，穿心莲的叶和嫩枝以干重计，AD、DDAD和NAD的产量分别高达1%、0.16%和0.11%。然而，据报道，植物中AD、DDAD和NAD的积累在物种、基因型、季节、物候期、使用的植物部位以及种植区域的地理环境方面存在差异。因此，人们探索了细胞和组织培养系统，特别是细胞、芽和不定根培养，作为持续高产AD、DDAD和NAD的替代方法。本综述探讨了利用植物细胞和组织培养系统控制生产AD、DDAD和NAD的前景。研究了各种策略，如使用生物和化学诱导剂进行诱导，以提高细胞和器官培养中AD、DDAD和NAD的积累。要点：• 本综述探讨了从细胞和器官培养中生产二萜内酯的可能性。• 探索了各种策略以提高细胞和器官培养中AD、DDAD和NAD的积累。• 强调了二萜内酯生产的前景。
