Li Jun-Fei, Shao Hui-Hui, Bi Yan-Meng, Jiao Xiao-Lin, Zhang Xi-Mei, Gao Wei-Wei
Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193, China.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2020 Apr;45(8):1866-1872. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20200205.111.
Mineral nutrient elements are the key factors to maintain the growth and quality of American ginseng. In order to understand the comprehensive effect of different nutrient elements deficiency on American ginseng, 2-year-old American ginsengs were cultivated by Hoagland solution(CK) or 10 different nutrients deficiency solution in sand culture. During the cultivation, the deficient symptom was observed. The plant height, leaf area, biomass, photosynthetic index, root activity, ginsenoside content were measured. The results showed that N, K or Fe deficiency could lead to leaves of American ginseng yellowing. Deficiency N, K, Ca, Mg and B were the main factors that decrease plant height and leaf area. The biomass of plant decreased significantly in all the nutrient deficient treatments(P<0.05)compared with control group, and N, K, Ca or Fe deficiency groups descended over 50%. In the absence of N, K and Fe elements, the P_n, G_s, C_i, T_r and chlorophyll of leaves were decreased mostly. The first three factors decreasing root activity were N, K and Ca deficiency. The effects of nutrient deficiency on saponins of American ginseng were different.Generally, N, P, B, Zn and Cu deficiency resulted the synthesis of saponins decreased significantly(P<0.05). This study contributed to clarify the demand characteristics of American ginseng for different nutrient elements,which is of great significance for the diagnose of nutrient deficiency, the rational fertilizer and the improvement of yield and quality of American ginseng.
矿质营养元素是维持西洋参生长和品质的关键因素。为了解不同营养元素缺乏对西洋参的综合影响，采用砂培法，用霍格兰溶液（CK）或10种不同缺素溶液培养2年生西洋参。培养过程中观察缺素症状，测定株高、叶面积、生物量、光合指标、根系活力、人参皂苷含量。结果表明，缺氮、钾或铁会导致西洋参叶片发黄。缺氮、钾、钙、镁和硼是导致株高和叶面积降低的主要因素。与对照组相比，所有缺素处理的植株生物量均显著降低（P<0.05），其中缺氮、钾、钙或铁的处理组降幅超过50%。在缺乏氮、钾和铁元素时，叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间二氧化碳浓度、蒸腾速率和叶绿素含量大多下降。导致根系活力下降的前三个因素是缺氮、钾和钙。营养元素缺乏对西洋参皂苷的影响各不相同。一般来说，缺氮、磷、硼、锌和铜会导致皂苷合成显著下降（P<0.05）。本研究有助于明确西洋参对不同营养元素的需求特性，对西洋参缺素诊断、合理施肥及提高产量和品质具有重要意义。
