Timberlake David S, Pechmann Cornelia
Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Anteater Instruction & Research Building, Irvine, CA 92697, United States.
The Paul Merage School of Business, University of California, Irvine, 4293 Pereira Drive, Irvine, CA 92697, United States.
Prev Med Rep. 2020 May 19;19:101127. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101127. eCollection 2020 Sep.
In August 2006, U.S. District Court Judge Gladys Kessler ordered four tobacco companies to disseminate court-approved corrective statements on five topics pertaining to health hazards of cigarette smoking. Based on the 2018 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS), approximately 50% of U.S. smokers viewed at least one corrective statement via television or newspaper during the first six months of the airings/publications (November 2017-April 2018). Using televised gross rating points (GRPs) and cross-sectional data from the 2018 HINTS (n = 3484) and 2019 HINTS (n = 3331), the current study extends previous ones by estimating broadcast reach/frequency and the moderating effect of survey year on smokers' exposure to a corrective statement. The weighted percentage of participants who viewed a corrective statement was significantly greater in the 2019 versus 2018 HINTS for smokers (64.3% vs. 50.5%, χ = 5.85, = .01), but not for non-smokers (39% in 2018/2019, χ = 0.02; = .88); this differential effect was evidenced by a significant interaction term (OR = 2.0(1.2, 3.2), < .001). This study also revealed that the televised reach of the corrective statements to the U.S. population (43.5 GRPs/43.5%) was comparable to the published estimate from the 2018 HINTS (40.6%). The frequency of exposure to any corrective statement in the first six months of televised airings was only 0.68 exposures/month, an estimate that does not meet CDC Best Practices. Yet, as evidenced by the significant interaction with survey year, it is likely that the addition of messages to tobacco company websites and cigarette package onserts may have contributed to smokers' greater exposure to a corrective statement.
2006年8月，美国地方法院法官格拉迪斯·凯斯勒命令四家烟草公司就与吸烟健康危害相关的五个主题传播经法院批准的纠正声明。根据2018年健康信息国家趋势调查（HINTS），在声明播出/发布的前六个月（2017年11月至2018年4月），约50%的美国吸烟者通过电视或报纸看过至少一条纠正声明。本研究利用电视总收视率（GRPs）以及2018年HINTS（n = 3484）和2019年HINTS（n = 3331）的横断面数据，通过估计广播覆盖范围/频率以及调查年份对吸烟者接触纠正声明的调节作用，扩展了以往的研究。在2019年HINTS中，观看过纠正声明的吸烟者参与者加权百分比显著高于2018年HINTS（64.3%对50.5%，χ = 5.85，P = 0.01），但非吸烟者并非如此（2018年/2019年为39%，χ = 0.02；P = 0.88）；这一差异效应通过显著的交互项得到证明（OR = 2.0(1.2, 3.2)，P < 0.001）。本研究还表明，纠正声明在美国人群中的电视覆盖范围（43.5 GRPs/43.5%）与2018年HINTS公布的估计值（40.6%）相当。在电视播出的前六个月中，接触任何纠正声明的频率仅为每月0.68次，这一估计未达到美国疾病控制与预防中心的最佳实践。然而，正如与调查年份的显著交互所证明的，烟草公司网站和香烟包装插页上增加的信息可能有助于吸烟者更多地接触到纠正声明。
