Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Barry University, Miami Shores, FL, USA.
Department of Exercise Science and Athletic Training, Springfield College, Springfield, MA, USA.
Ann Behav Med. 2021 Mar 16;55(2):112-122. doi: 10.1093/abm/kaaa036.
Priming is a process in which exposure to a stimulus activates relevant mental representations that are given increased weight in subsequent judgment tasks. Affective primes can influence affective evaluations and associations. Such influence has meaningful implications for the promotion of exercise behavior, yet there is scant research on priming effects in exercise settings.
The purpose of the present pair of studies was to examine the efficacy of music (M), music video (MV), and music video with affective primes (PRIME) in modulating psychological responses during and immediately following an exercise bout among two distinct populations.
In Study 1, physically active participants completed a brisk walking task on a treadmill under four conditions: M, MV, PRIME, and control. Affective valence and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were assessed during exercise and remembered/forecasted pleasure was measured immediately following each exercise bout. In Study 2, largely inactive and overweight participants completed a brisk walking task on a treadmill under two conditions: MV and PRIME. Affective valence was assessed during exercise, while exercise enjoyment and remembered/forecasted pleasure were assessed postexercise.
In Study 1, PRIME yielded more positively valenced affect, remembered/forecasted pleasure, and lower RPE when compared to the other conditions (MCohen's d for all DVs = 0.91). In Study 2, PRIME elicited more positively valenced affect, greater enjoyment, and enhanced remembered/forecasted pleasure when compared to MV (MCohen's d for all DVs = 0.64).
Subliminal primes embedded in music video can elicit positive changes in psychological responses during and immediately following exercise.
启动是一种过程，即暴露于刺激会激活相关的心理表征，这些心理表征在随后的判断任务中会被赋予更大的权重。情感启动可以影响情感评价和联想。这种影响对促进锻炼行为具有重要意义，但在锻炼环境中，关于启动效应的研究甚少。
本研究旨在考察音乐（M）、音乐视频（MV）和带有情感启动的音乐视频（PRIME）在两种不同人群中，在运动过程中和运动后即刻调节心理反应的效果。
在研究 1 中，活跃的参与者在跑步机上进行快走任务，分为 4 种条件：M、MV、PRIME 和对照。在运动过程中评估情感效价和感知努力程度（RPE），在每次运动后立即评估记忆/预测的愉悦度。在研究 2 中，大部分不活跃和超重的参与者在跑步机上进行快走任务，分为 2 种条件：MV 和 PRIME。在运动过程中评估情感效价，而运动享受和记忆/预测的愉悦度则在运动后评估。
在研究 1 中，与其他条件相比，PRIME 产生了更积极的情感效价、记忆/预测的愉悦度和更低的 RPE（所有 DV 的 MCohen's d = 0.91）。在研究 2 中，与 MV 相比，PRIME 引起了更积极的情感效价、更大的享受和增强的记忆/预测的愉悦度（所有 DV 的 MCohen's d = 0.64）。
嵌入音乐视频中的潜意识启动可以在运动过程中和运动后即刻引起心理反应的积极变化。
