Yang Yuzheng, Zhang Liebing, Hettinga Kasper A, Erasmus Sara W, van Ruth Saskia M
Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Wageningen Food Safety Research, part of Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Foods. 2020 Jun 1;9(6):709. doi: 10.3390/foods9060709.
This study aimed to assess the prevalence of ultra-high-temperature (UHT) processed milk samples suspected of being adulterated on the Chinese market and, subsequently, relate their geographical origin to the earlier determined fraud vulnerability. A total of 52 UHT milk samples purchased from the Chinese market were measured to detect possible anomalies. The milk compositional features were determined by standardized Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, and the detection limits for common milk adulterations were investigated. The results showed that twelve of the analysed milk samples (23%) were suspected of having quality or fraud-related issues, while one sample of these was highly suspected of being adulterated (diluted with water). Proportionally, more suspected samples were determined among milks produced in the Central-Northern and Eastern areas of China than in those from the North-Western and North-Eastern areas, while those from the South were in between. Combining the earlier collected results on fraud vulnerability in the Chinese milk chains, it appears that increased fraud prevalence relates to poorer business relationships and lack of adequate managerial controls. Since very few opportunities and motivations differ consistently across high and low-prevalence areas, primarily the improvement of control measures can help to mitigate food fraud in the Chinese milk supply chains.
本研究旨在评估中国市场上疑似掺假的超高温（UHT）处理牛奶样本的流行情况，并随后将其地理来源与先前确定的欺诈易发性联系起来。从中国市场购买了总共52个UHT牛奶样本，以检测可能存在的异常情况。通过标准化的傅里叶变换红外光谱法测定牛奶的成分特征，并研究常见牛奶掺假的检测限。结果表明，所分析的牛奶样本中有12个（23%）疑似存在质量或欺诈相关问题，其中1个样本高度疑似掺假（用水稀释）。按比例计算，在中国中北部和东部地区生产的牛奶中，疑似样本的数量多于西北和东北地区，而南方地区的样本数量则介于两者之间。结合早期收集的中国牛奶链欺诈易发性结果来看，欺诈发生率的增加与较差的商业关系和缺乏适当的管理控制有关。由于高发生率和低发生率地区之间很少有机会和动机存在持续差异，因此主要通过改进控制措施有助于减轻中国牛奶供应链中的食品欺诈行为。
