Embrapa Trigo, Rodovia BR-285, km 294, C.P. 3081, Passo Fundo, RS, 99001-970, Brazil.
Organic Contaminant Core, Contaminant Centre, Adolfo Lutz Inst., Avenida Doutor Arnaldo, 355-Cerqueira César-São Paulo, SP, 01246-000, Brazil.
J Food Sci. 2018 Aug;83(8):2028-2038. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.14279. Epub 2018 Jul 18.
Brazil is one of the world's largest food producers. Adulteration of foods is often reported and represent an important potential threat to food safety. Because of this, reduction of the vulnerability of foods to adulteration is of high priority to Brazil. This study analyzes economically motivated food fraud and adulterations in Brazil between 2007 and 2017, based on academic journal reports. In addition, alternatives are proposed to minimize these incidents through good practices, traceability systems and the development of methods to detect food fraud and adulteration. Complex supply chains for foods of animal origin, such as milk and dairy products, were the main targets of food fraud and adulterations. Other products prone to fraudulent activities were vegetable oils, especially olive oil, which are high value products. Meat and fish, as well as their respective by-products, were also involved in some food fraud and adulteration, especially substitution. Cases of extraneous ingredient addition were also reported in the coffee and tea sectors. Comprehensive food fraud and adulteration prevention requires the enforcement of regulatory systems, increased sampling and monitoring, training of food producers and handlers, and development of precise, rapid, and cost-effective methods of fraud detection. The availability of robust methods to identify the chemical constituents of foods could be a decisive step, both to detect and prevent fraud in producer countries and to open up new markets to these products. The results of this study can be used to analyze food safety risks and prioritize target areas for food research and policy-making in order to enforce food safety regulations in Brazil.
A food fraud and adulteration review was conducted based on scientific literature in Brazil. Milk and its products were the main targets of food fraud and adulterations. Food fraud and adulteration causes and suggestions for good practice are presented. The results can be used to analyze food safety and protect consumer rights.
巴西是世界上最大的食品生产国之一。食品掺假经常被报道，对食品安全构成重要潜在威胁。正因为如此，降低食品易受掺假的脆弱性是巴西的当务之急。本研究基于学术期刊报告，分析了 2007 年至 2017 年巴西发生的经济动机食品欺诈和掺假事件。此外，还提出了通过良好实践、可追溯性系统和开发检测食品欺诈和掺假的方法来最小化这些事件的替代方案。动物源性食品（如牛奶和乳制品）的复杂供应链是食品欺诈和掺假的主要目标。其他易发生欺诈活动的产品是植物油，特别是橄榄油，它们是高价值产品。肉类和鱼类及其各自的副产品也涉及一些食品欺诈和掺假，特别是替代。在咖啡和茶行业也报道了添加外来成分的案例。全面预防食品欺诈和掺假需要执行监管系统，增加抽样和监测，培训食品生产者和处理者，并开发精确、快速和具有成本效益的欺诈检测方法。拥有识别食品化学成分的可靠方法可能是一个决定性的步骤，既可以在生产国检测和预防欺诈，也可以为这些产品开拓新市场。本研究的结果可用于分析食品安全风险，并确定食品研究和政策制定的重点领域，以加强巴西的食品安全法规。
根据巴西的科学文献对食品欺诈和掺假进行了审查。牛奶及其产品是食品欺诈和掺假的主要目标。介绍了食品欺诈和掺假的原因以及良好实践的建议。结果可用于分析食品安全并保护消费者权益。
