Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2020 Aug;16(8):421-436. doi: 10.1038/s41574-020-0365-5. Epub 2020 Jun 3.
Perturbations in metabolic processes are associated with diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, certain infections and some cancers. A resurgence of interest in creatine biology is developing, with new insights into a diverse set of regulatory functions for creatine. This resurgence is primarily driven by technological advances in genetic engineering and metabolism as well as by the realization that this metabolite has key roles in cells beyond the muscle and brain. Herein, we highlight the latest advances in creatine biology in tissues and cell types that have historically received little attention in the field. In adipose tissue, creatine controls thermogenic respiration and loss of this metabolite impairs whole-body energy expenditure, leading to obesity. We also cover the various roles that creatine metabolism has in cancer cell survival and the function of the immune system. Renewed interest in this area has begun to showcase the therapeutic potential that lies in understanding how changes in creatine metabolism lead to metabolic disease.
代谢过程的紊乱与肥胖症、2 型糖尿病、某些感染和某些癌症等疾病有关。人们对肌酸生物学的兴趣重新兴起，对肌酸的一系列不同调节功能有了新的认识。这种复苏主要是由遗传工程和代谢方面的技术进步以及对以下认识所驱动的：除肌肉和大脑之外，这种代谢物在细胞中也起着关键作用。在此，我们重点介绍了肌酸生物学在组织和细胞类型方面的最新进展，这些组织和细胞类型在该领域历来受到较少关注。在脂肪组织中，肌酸控制着产热呼吸，而这种代谢物的丧失会损害全身能量消耗，导致肥胖。我们还介绍了肌酸代谢在癌细胞存活和免疫系统功能中的各种作用。人们对这一领域的重新关注开始展示出在理解肌酸代谢的变化如何导致代谢疾病方面的治疗潜力。
