Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.
Int J Obes (Lond). 2020 Oct;44(10):2052-2063. doi: 10.1038/s41366-020-0612-9. Epub 2020 Jun 3.
Low and high birth weight is associated with higher levels of cardiometabolic risk factors and adiposity in children and adolescents, and increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and early mortality later in life. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is associated with lower cardiometabolic risk factors and may mitigate the detrimental consequences of high or low birth weight. Thus, we examined whether MVPA modified the associations between birth weight and cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents.
We used pooled individual data from 12 cohort- or cross-sectional studies including 9,100 children and adolescents. Birth weight was measured at birth or maternally reported retrospectively. Device-measured physical activity (PA) and cardiometabolic risk factors were measured in childhood or adolescence. We tested for associations between birth weight, MVPA, and cardiometabolic risk factors using multilevel linear regression, including study as a random factor. We tested for interaction between birth weight and MVPA by introducing the interaction term in the models (birth weight x MVPA).
Most of the associations between birth weight (kg) and cardiometabolic risk factors were not modified by MVPA (min/day), except between birth weight and waist circumference (cm) in children (p = 0.005) and HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) in adolescents (p = 0.040). Sensitivity analyses suggested that some of the associations were modified by VPA, i.e., the associations between birth weight and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) in children (p = 0.009) and LDL- cholesterol (mmol/l) (p = 0.009) and triglycerides (mmol/l) in adolescents (p = 0.028).
MVPA appears not to consistently modify the associations between low birth weight and cardiometabolic risk. In contrast, MVPA may mitigate the association between higher birth weight and higher waist circumference in children. MVPA is consistently associated with a lower cardiometabolic risk across the birth weight spectrum. Optimal prenatal growth and subsequent PA are both important in relation to cardiometabolic health in children and adolescents.
低出生体重和高出生体重与儿童和青少年的心血管代谢危险因素和肥胖水平较高有关，并增加了成年后患心血管疾病、肥胖症和早逝的风险。中等到剧烈的身体活动（MVPA）与较低的心血管代谢危险因素相关，并可能减轻高或低出生体重的不利后果。因此，我们研究了 MVPA 是否改变了儿童和青少年中出生体重与心血管代谢危险因素之间的关联。
我们使用了来自 12 项队列或横断面研究的汇总个体数据，其中包括 9100 名儿童和青少年。出生体重在出生时或通过母亲回顾性报告进行测量。使用设备测量的体力活动（PA）和心血管代谢危险因素在儿童期或青春期进行测量。我们使用多水平线性回归，包括研究作为随机因素，测试了出生体重、MVPA 和心血管代谢危险因素之间的关联。我们通过在模型中引入交互项（出生体重 x MVPA）来测试出生体重和 MVPA 之间的交互作用。
除了儿童的出生体重（kg）和腰围（cm）之间的关联（p=0.005）以及青少年的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（mmol/l）之间的关联（p=0.040）外，出生体重（kg）与心血管代谢危险因素之间的大多数关联都不受 MVPA（min/day）的影响。敏感性分析表明，一些关联受到 VPA 的影响，即儿童的出生体重与舒张压（mmHg）之间的关联（p=0.009）以及青少年的 LDL-胆固醇（mmol/l）（p=0.009）和甘油三酯（mmol/l）之间的关联（p=0.028）。
MVPA 似乎不会一致改变低出生体重与心血管代谢风险之间的关联。相比之下，MVPA 可能会减轻儿童中较高出生体重与较高腰围之间的关联。MVPA 与整个出生体重范围内的心血管代谢风险呈负相关。最佳的产前生长和随后的 PA 对于儿童和青少年的心血管代谢健康都很重要。
