Endometrioma surgery is associated with increased risk of subsequent assisted reproductive technology cycle cancellation; a retrospective cohort study.

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of laparoscopic removal of endometrioma on assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcome. A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a university hospital between January 2014 and December 2017. The ART group consisted of 26 women who underwent 44 ART cycles in the presence of ovarian endometrioma and the surgery group consisted of 53 women who underwent 58 ART cycles after laparoscopic removal of ovarian endometrioma/s. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups regarding demographic parameters and background features including cycle parameters. The live birth rates in the ART and Surgery groups per embryo transfer were 23.7 and 26.1%, respectively (  =  .800). The rate of cycle cancellation due to poor response and/or failed oocyte retrieval was significantly higher in the Surgery group than ART group (13.7 vs. 0%, respectively;  = .018). In conclusion, cystectomy significantly increases the risk of cycle cancellation due to poor ovarian response, which might be catastrophic individually. However, it does not seem to affect the live birth rates.IMPACT STATEMENT Both the presence of an endometrioma or surgical removal may have deleterious effects on fertility potential. Our results confirm that although cystectomy has no benefit on the number of oocytes collected and live birth rate, it increases the risk of cycle cancellation significantly in assisted reproductive technology cycles following endometrioma surgery. Postponing cystectomy until a freeze-all cycle may be the best option to maximise the number of oocytes retrieved and to maximise the ovarian response.