Ivanov A P, Klebleeva T D, Ivanova O E
Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 108819, Russia.
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
Vopr Virusol. 2020;65(1):21-26. doi: 10.36233/0507-4088-2020-65-1-21-26.
The well-known advantages of class Y antibodies (IgY) from egg yolks of immunized hens in comparison with class G antibodies (IgG) of laboratory animals traditionally used in laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases determine the stable interest of researchers in using IgY for these purposes (IgY technology). Over the past 20 years, the obvious benefits of IgY technology have been demonstrated for a number of viral and bacterial infections. Goals and objectives. Construction of ELISA systems based on specific IgY for laboratory diagnosis of infections caused by tick-borne encephalitis virus, yellow fever virus, poliovirus.
Obtaining yolk preparations of immunized chickens, obtaining highly purified IgY preparations (salting out, affinity chromatography), constructing ELISA systems for determining virus-specific antigens, testing the parameters of ELISA systems.
For the first time in laboratory practice, ELISA systems based on the use of specific polyclonal IgY were designed for laboratory diagnosis of topical human viral infections caused by flaviviruses and enteroviruses: determination of antigens of tick-borne encephalitis virus, yellow fever virus, 3 types of poliovirus. It was experimentally shown that these ELISA systems have high sensitivity and specificity, which allows them to be used for the semiquantitative and quantitative determination of antigens of these viruses in various materials (infected cell cultures, vaccines, etc.).
The ELISA systems developed on the basis of specific IgY for determination of viral antigens can be effectively used for laboratory diagnosis of a number of viral infections, for the validation and control of vaccine preparations.
与传统用于传染病实验室诊断的实验动物的G类抗体（IgG）相比，免疫母鸡蛋黄中的Y类抗体（IgY）具有众所周知的优势，这决定了研究人员对将IgY用于这些目的（IgY技术）一直保持着浓厚的兴趣。在过去20年中，IgY技术已在多种病毒和细菌感染中展现出明显的优势。目标与目的：构建基于特异性IgY的酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）系统，用于实验室诊断蜱传脑炎病毒、黄热病病毒、脊髓灰质炎病毒引起的感染。
获取免疫鸡的蛋黄制剂，获得高度纯化的IgY制剂（盐析、亲和层析），构建用于测定病毒特异性抗原的ELISA系统，检测ELISA系统的参数。
在实验室实践中首次设计了基于使用特异性多克隆IgY的ELISA系统，用于实验室诊断由黄病毒和肠道病毒引起的人类局部病毒感染：测定蜱传脑炎病毒、黄热病病毒、3种脊髓灰质炎病毒的抗原。实验表明，这些ELISA系统具有高灵敏度和特异性，可用于在各种材料（感染的细胞培养物、疫苗等）中对这些病毒的抗原进行半定量和定量测定。
基于特异性IgY开发的用于测定病毒抗原的ELISA系统可有效用于多种病毒感染的实验室诊断、疫苗制剂的验证和控制。
