Disentangling of the ecotoxicological signal using "omics" analyses, a lesson from the survey of the impact of cyanobacterial proliferations on fishes.

Omics technologies offer unprecedented perspectives for the rational investigation of complex biological systems. Indeed, omics present the ability of offering an extensive perception of the biochemistry and physiology of the cell and of any perturbing consequences of contaminants through the joint investigation of thousands of molecular responses simultaneously; then it has recently conducted to a fervent attention by research ecotoxicologists. Beyond the presentation of latest advances, exemplified here by omics investigation of cyanobacterial deleterious effects on various fishes (at various experimental and biological scales and with various analytical tools and pipeline), the present review paper re-explores the promising perspectives and also the pitfalls of such holistic investigations of the ecotoxicological response of organisms for environmental assessment.