State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Zhongshan Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Metabonomics and Systems Biology Laboratory at Shanghai International Centre for Molecular Phenomics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
J Proteome Res. 2020 Aug 7;19(8):3352-3363. doi: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00236. Epub 2020 Jun 22.
Plant seed germination involving dynamic water uptakes and biochemical changes is essential for preservation of plant germplasm resource and worldwide food supply. To understand the germination-associated compartmental biochemistry changes, we quantitatively analyzed the metabolite composition (metabonome) for embryonic axes, cotyledons, and testae of mung bean () seeds in three germination phases using the NMR-based metabonomics approach. We found that three structures of mung bean seeds had distinct metabonomic phenotypes dominated by 53 metabolites including amino acids, carbohydrates, organic acids, choline metabolites, nucleotides/nucleosides, and shikimate-mediated secondary metabolites together with calcium and magnesium cations. During germination, all three seed structures had outstanding but distinct metabonomic changes. Both embryonic axis and cotyledon showed remarkable metabolic changes related to degradation of carbohydrates and proteins, metabolism of amino acids, nucleotides/nucleosides, and choline together with energy metabolism and shikimate-mediated plant secondary metabolism. The metabonomic changes in these two structures were mostly related to multiple functions for biochemical activities in the former and nutrient mobilizations in the latter. In contrast, testa metabonomic changes mainly reflected the metabolite leakages from the other two structures. Phase 1 of germination was featured with degradation of oligosaccharides and proteins and recycling of stored nucleic acids together with anaerobic metabolisms, whereas phase 2 was dominated by energy metabolism, biosynthesis of osmolytes, and plant secondary metabolites. These provided essential metabolic information for understanding the biochemistry associated with early events of seed germination and possible metabolic functions of different seed structures for plant development.
植物种子的萌发涉及到动态的水分吸收和生化变化，对于保护植物种质资源和全球粮食供应至关重要。为了了解与萌发相关的区室生物化学变化，我们采用基于 NMR 的代谢组学方法，定量分析了绿豆（）种子在三个萌发阶段中胚轴、子叶和种皮的代谢物组成（代谢组）。我们发现，绿豆种子的这三个结构具有不同的代谢组学表型，由 53 种代谢物主导，包括氨基酸、碳水化合物、有机酸、胆碱代谢物、核苷酸/核苷和莽草酸介导的次生代谢物，以及钙和镁阳离子。在萌发过程中，这三个种子结构都表现出显著但不同的代谢组学变化。胚轴和子叶都显示出与碳水化合物和蛋白质降解、氨基酸代谢、核苷酸/核苷和胆碱代谢以及能量代谢和莽草酸介导的植物次生代谢有关的显著代谢变化。这两个结构的代谢组学变化主要与前者的生化活性和后者的营养动员的多种功能有关。相比之下，种皮的代谢组学变化主要反映了其他两个结构中代谢物的泄漏。萌发的第 1 阶段的特征是寡糖和蛋白质的降解以及储存核酸的回收，同时还伴随着无氧代谢，而第 2 阶段则以能量代谢、渗透物质的生物合成和植物次生代谢物为主导。这些为理解种子萌发早期事件相关的生物化学和不同种子结构在植物发育中的可能代谢功能提供了重要的代谢信息。
