Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, 310016, Hangzhou, China.
Nutr Diabetes. 2020 Jun 4;10(1):16. doi: 10.1038/s41387-020-0120-y.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of dietary patterns with the risk of insulin resistance (IR), diabetes mellitus (DM), and central obesity in China.
We performed a cross-sectional study on 1432 participants, aged 40-65 years in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, China. Dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire.
Factor analysis extracted four major dietary patterns: vegetable-fruits, rice-meat, seafood-eggs, and sweet-fast. The vegetable-fruits pattern was inversely associated with HOMA-IR (p < 0.001 in both genders), while sweet-fast food pattern was significantly associated with higher HOMA-IR (p = 0.002 in male, and p < 0.001 in female). The vegetables-fruits pattern was inversely correlated with visceral fat area (VFA) (p = 0.029 in males, and p = 0.017 in females), while sweet-fast food pattern presented a significant direct association (p < 0.001 in male) with VFA in males. There was no association observed between the rice-meat pattern or the seafood-eggs pattern and HOMA-IR or VFA. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, participants in the highest tertile of vegetable-fruits pattern showed a significantly lower risk of DM in both males and females (OR: 0.30, 95% CI: 0.13-0.70 in male, and OR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.11-0.72 in female), and lower risk of central obesity was observed in males (OR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.29-0.86 in male). Conversely, participants in the highest tertile of sweet-fast food pattern had higher risk of DM (OR: 2.58, 95% CI: 1.23-5.88 in male), and central obesity (OR: 2.85, 95% CI: 1.67-4.86 in male) only in male. While neither the rice-meat pattern nor the seafood-eggs pattern showed significant association with DM or central obesity in both genders.
Our findings indicated low risk of IR, DM, and central obesity with vegetable-fruits pattern while inverse relation with sweet-fast food pattern.
本研究旨在探讨中国的饮食模式与胰岛素抵抗（IR）、糖尿病（DM）和中心性肥胖风险之间的关联。
我们在中国浙江省杭州市对 1432 名年龄在 40-65 岁的参与者进行了一项横断面研究。采用半定量食物频率问卷评估膳食摄入量。
因子分析提取了四种主要的饮食模式：蔬菜-水果、米饭-肉类、海鲜-蛋类和甜食-快餐。蔬菜-水果模式与 HOMA-IR 呈负相关（男女均 p<0.001），而甜食-快餐模式与更高的 HOMA-IR 显著相关（男性 p=0.002，女性 p<0.001）。蔬菜-水果模式与内脏脂肪面积（VFA）呈负相关（男性 p=0.029，女性 p=0.017），而甜食-快餐模式与男性的 VFA 呈显著正相关（p<0.001）。米饭-肉类模式或海鲜-蛋类模式与 HOMA-IR 或 VFA 之间无关联。调整潜在混杂因素后，蔬菜-水果模式最高三分位的参与者在男性和女性中均显示出 DM 的发病风险显著降低（男性 OR：0.30，95%CI：0.13-0.70；女性 OR：0.28，95%CI：0.11-0.72），且男性的中心性肥胖风险也降低（男性 OR：0.50，95%CI：0.29-0.86）。相反，甜食-快餐模式最高三分位的参与者患 DM 的风险更高（男性 OR：2.58，95%CI：1.23-5.88），且男性中心性肥胖的风险也更高（男性 OR：2.85，95%CI：1.67-4.86）。而米饭-肉类模式或海鲜-蛋类模式在两性中均与 DM 或中心性肥胖无显著关联。
我们的研究结果表明，蔬菜-水果模式与 IR、DM 和中心性肥胖的低风险相关，而与甜食-快餐模式呈负相关。
