[50岁以上人群眼科疾病的患病率]

[Prevalence of ophthalmic diseases in the population older than 50 years].

作者信息

Munz I V, Direev A O, Gusarevitch O G, Scherbakova L V, Mazdorova E V, Malyutina S K

机构信息

Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia.

Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine - branch of IC&G SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.

出版信息

Vestn Oftalmol. 2020;136(3):106-115. doi: 10.17116/oftalma2020136031106.

DOI:10.17116/oftalma2020136031106

PMID:32504485

Abstract

UNLABELLED

The ageing of population is accompanied by an increase in the frequency of chronic diseases, including ophthalmic. The progression of ophthalmologic disturbances has population specificity and its analysis in Russian population is relevant.

PURPOSE

To study the prevalence and age- and gender-related gradient of ophthalmic diseases (cataract, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic and hypertensive retinopathy) in the Russian population older than 50 years.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

A random population cohort (9360, aged 45-69 years) was examined in Novosibirsk in 2003/05 and re-examined in 2015/17 (the HAPIEE project). Ophthalmological parameters were studied in a random subsample (324 m/f, aged 55-84, 2015/17). Clinical and instrumental methods were applied to assess eye diseases: cataract, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), hypertensive retinopathy (HR) and other ophthalmic diseases.

RESULTS

In the studied sample of men and women aged 55-84 years, the prevalence of cataract was 72.8%, AMD - 25.7%, glaucoma - 6.2%, DR - 2.1%, HR - 79.6%. The prevalence of other ophthalmic diseases (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, pterygium, pinguecula, dystrophy of cornea and retina, tumors and inflammatory diseases) was 13.5%. The frequency of cataract (<0.001) and AMD (=0.003) significantly increased with age. The frequency of glaucoma did not change substantially in the studied age range with insignificant increase in those older than 80 years (14.3%). The frequency of DR and HR were not consistently related to age.

CONCLUSIONS

In the studied population sample of men and women aged 55-84 years (Novosibirsk), the prevalence of cataract and HR is high; the prevalence of AMD is similar to populations with moderate frequency of diseases; the frequency of glaucoma is close to populations with high prevalence of this disease. The frequency of cataract and AMD increased with age. There was no consistent age gradient of the frequency of glaucoma, DR and HR in the age range of 55-84 years.

摘要

未标注

人口老龄化伴随着包括眼科疾病在内的慢性疾病发病率的上升。眼科疾病的进展具有人群特异性，对俄罗斯人群进行相关分析具有重要意义。

目的

研究俄罗斯50岁以上人群中眼科疾病（白内障、青光眼、年龄相关性黄斑变性、糖尿病性视网膜病变和高血压性视网膜病变）的患病率以及与年龄和性别的相关梯度。

材料与方法

2003/05年在新西伯利亚对一个随机人群队列（9360人，年龄45 - 69岁）进行检查，并于2015/17年进行复查（HAPIEE项目）。在一个随机子样本（324名男性/女性，年龄55 - 84岁，2015/17年）中研究眼科参数。应用临床和仪器方法评估眼部疾病：白内障、青光眼、年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）、糖尿病性视网膜病变（DR）、高血压性视网膜病变（HR）以及其他眼科疾病。

结果

在研究的55 - 84岁男性和女性样本中，白内障患病率为72.8%，AMD为25.7%，青光眼为6.2%，DR为2.1%，HR为79.6%。其他眼科疾病（近视、远视、散光、翼状胬肉、睑裂斑、角膜和视网膜营养不良、肿瘤和炎症性疾病）的患病率为13.5%。白内障（<0.001）和AMD（=0.003）的发病率随年龄显著增加。在研究的年龄范围内，青光眼的发病率变化不大，80岁以上人群略有增加（14.3%）。DR和HR的发病率与年龄没有一致的相关性。