Chiang Yi-Fen, Chen Hsin-Yuan, Chang Yen-Jui, Shih Yin-Hwa, Shieh Tzong-Ming, Wang Kai-Lee, Hsia Shih-Min
School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan.
Department of Ophthalmology, Yang Ming Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 111024, Taiwan.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2020 Nov 25;9(12):1176. doi: 10.3390/antiox9121176.
The incidence of diabetes mellitus is increasing due to the eating and living habits of modern people. As the disease progresses, the long-term effects of diabetes can cause microvascular disease, causing dysfunction in different parts of the body, which, in turn, leads to different complications, such as diabetic neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, and diabetic retinopathy (DR). DR is the main cause of vision loss and blindness in diabetic patients. Persistent hyperglycemia may cause damage to the retina, induce the accumulation of inflammatory factors, and destroy the blood-retinal barrier function. Fucoxanthin (Fx) is a marine carotenoid extracted from seaweed. It accounts for more than 10% of the total carotenoids in nature. Fx is mainly found in brown algae and has strong antioxidant properties, due to its unique biologically active structure. This carotenoid also has the effects of reducing lipid peroxidation, reducing DNA damage, and preventing cardiovascular diseases as well as anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects. However, there is no relevant research on the protective effect of Fx in DR. Therefore, in this study, we explore the protective effect of Fx on the retina. Human retinal epithelial cells (ARPE-19) are used to investigate the protective effect of Fx on high glucose stress- (glucose 75 mM) and high lipid peroxidation stress (4-hydroxynonenal, 4-HNE (30 μM))-induced DR. The cell viability test shows that Fx recovered the cell damage, and Western blotting shows that Fx reduced the inflammation response and maintained the integrity of the blood-retinal barrier by reducing its apoptosis and cell adhesion factor protein expression. Using an antioxidant enzyme assay kit, we find that the protective effect of Fx may be related to the strong antioxidant properties of Fx, which increases catalase and reduces oxidative stress to produce a protective effect on the retina.
由于现代人的饮食和生活习惯，糖尿病的发病率正在上升。随着病情的发展，糖尿病的长期影响可导致微血管疾病，引起身体不同部位的功能障碍，进而导致不同的并发症，如糖尿病神经病变、糖尿病肾病和糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）。DR是糖尿病患者视力丧失和失明的主要原因。持续性高血糖可能会损害视网膜，诱导炎症因子的积累，并破坏血视网膜屏障功能。岩藻黄质（Fx）是一种从海藻中提取的海洋类胡萝卜素。它占自然界总类胡萝卜素的10%以上。Fx主要存在于褐藻中，由于其独特的生物活性结构，具有很强的抗氧化特性。这种类胡萝卜素还具有减少脂质过氧化、减少DNA损伤、预防心血管疾病以及抗炎和抗肿瘤的作用。然而，关于Fx对DR的保护作用尚无相关研究。因此，在本研究中，我们探讨了Fx对视网膜的保护作用。使用人视网膜上皮细胞（ARPE-19）来研究Fx对高糖应激（葡萄糖75 mM）和高脂质过氧化应激（4-羟基壬烯醛，4-HNE（30 μM））诱导的DR的保护作用。细胞活力测试表明Fx恢复了细胞损伤，蛋白质免疫印迹法表明Fx通过减少细胞凋亡和细胞粘附因子蛋白表达降低了炎症反应并维持了血视网膜屏障的完整性。使用抗氧化酶检测试剂盒，我们发现Fx的保护作用可能与其强大的抗氧化特性有关，即增加过氧化氢酶并降低氧化应激从而对视网膜产生保护作用。
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