Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan.
Department of Oral Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan.
Pathog Dis. 2020 Apr 1;78(3). doi: 10.1093/femspd/ftaa024.
Recently, it has been suggested that the oral administration of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a keystone pathogen for periodontal disease, induces dysbiosis of the mouse intestinal microbiota and affects intestinal barrier function. Since oral streptococci are the predominant oral bacterial group, we compared the effect of their oral administration on the intestinal tract compared to that of P. gingivalis. Swallowing oral bacteria caused gut dysbiosis, due to increased Bacteroides and Staphylococcus and decreased Lactobacillus spp. Furthermore, oral bacterial infection caused an increase in lactate and decreases in succinate and n-butyrate contents. In the small intestine, the decrease in Th17 cells was considered to be a result of oral bacterial infection, although the population of Treg cells remained unaffected. In addition, oral bacterial challenge increased the M1/M2 macrophage ratio and decreased the immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody titer in feces. These results suggest that gut dysbiosis caused by oral bacteria may cause a decrease in Th17 cells and fecal IgA levels and an increase in the M1/M2 macrophage ratio, thereby promoting chronic inflammation.
最近有人提出，牙周病的关键病原体牙龈卟啉单胞菌经口服给药会导致小鼠肠道微生物群失调，并影响肠道屏障功能。由于口腔链球菌是口腔中主要的细菌群，因此我们比较了它们的口服给药对肠道的影响与牙龈卟啉单胞菌的影响。口服细菌会导致肠道菌群失调，这是由于拟杆菌和葡萄球菌增加，而乳酸杆菌减少所致。此外，口腔细菌感染会导致乳酸含量增加，琥珀酸和正丁酸含量减少。在小肠中，认为 Th17 细胞的减少是由于口腔细菌感染所致，尽管 Treg 细胞的数量没有受到影响。此外，口腔细菌挑战会增加 M1/M2 巨噬细胞比例，并降低粪便中免疫球蛋白 A（IgA）抗体滴度。这些结果表明，口腔细菌引起的肠道菌群失调可能导致 Th17 细胞和粪便 IgA 水平降低，以及 M1/M2 巨噬细胞比例增加，从而促进慢性炎症。
