McCubbin James A, Switzer Fred S, LaDue Meredith N, Ogle Jennifer H, Bendigeri Vijay
Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
Int J Psychophysiol. 2020 Sep;155:72-77. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.05.011. Epub 2020 Jun 3.
Elevated resting blood pressure (BP) is associated with dampened responses to emotionally meaningful stimuli. This BP-associated emotional dampening may also influence threat appraisal and, hence, motivation to avoid risk. The present study was designed to determine if resting BP is associated with risky driving behavior assessed in a high fidelity driving simulator. Fifty-one healthy women (n = 20) and men (n = 31) rested for BP determinations both before and after a simulated driving scenario in a DriveSafety automotive simulator with six visual channels, single-axis motion, and functioning controls and instrumentation. Resting systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BPs were obtained systematically with a calibrated GE Dinamap Pro V100. Risky driving was assessed by speed relative to the posted speed limit, and a speed-adjusted time to collision index of tailgating. Regression analyses indicated that sex interacted with resting BP, with significant associations between BP and risk in women, but not men. For example, risky driving in women was associated with higher resting DBP (p = .006), with similar but less reliable effects for resting SBP (p = .058). These results provide some partial, preliminary support for the notion that BP-associated emotional dampening may reduce threat appraisal and thereby decrease motivation for risk avoidance, but these effects are confined to women in this simulated driving scenario. Interacting central nervous system (CNS) mechanisms controlling BP and emotional responsivity may mediate the relationship between BP and risk-taking behavior. Relative expression of this relationship in women and men may depend on multiple psychosocial and physiological mechanisms. The association of higher BP with increased risk-taking behaviors may have relevance to the early pathogenesis of essential hypertension.
静息血压升高与对情绪上有意义的刺激反应减弱有关。这种与血压相关的情绪抑制也可能影响威胁评估，进而影响规避风险的动机。本研究旨在确定静息血压是否与在高保真驾驶模拟器中评估的危险驾驶行为相关。51名健康女性（n = 20）和男性（n = 31）在具有六个视觉通道、单轴运动以及功能正常的控制和仪器的DriveSafety汽车模拟器中进行模拟驾驶场景前后，均进行了静息血压测定。使用校准后的GE Dinamap Pro V100系统地获取静息收缩压（SBP）和舒张压（DBP）。通过相对于公布的限速的速度以及尾随的速度调整碰撞时间指数来评估危险驾驶。回归分析表明，性别与静息血压相互作用，血压与女性的风险之间存在显著关联，而男性则不然。例如，女性的危险驾驶与较高的静息舒张压相关（p = .006），静息收缩压的影响相似但可靠性较低（p = .058）。这些结果为以下观点提供了部分初步支持，即与血压相关的情绪抑制可能会降低威胁评估，从而减少规避风险的动机，但在这种模拟驾驶场景中，这些影响仅限于女性。控制血压和情绪反应性的相互作用的中枢神经系统（CNS）机制可能介导血压与冒险行为之间的关系。这种关系在女性和男性中的相对表现可能取决于多种心理社会和生理机制。较高的血压与增加的冒险行为之间的关联可能与原发性高血压的早期发病机制有关。
