iBiMED, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
iBiMED, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
Trends Biochem Sci. 2020 Sep;45(9):794-805. doi: 10.1016/j.tibs.2020.05.007. Epub 2020 Jun 3.
Viruses rely on the host cell translation machinery for efficient synthesis of their own proteins. Emerging evidence highlights different roles for host transfer RNAs (tRNAs) in the process of virus replication. For instance, different RNA viruses manipulate host tRNA pools to favor viral protein translation. Interestingly, specific host tRNAs are used as reverse transcription primers and are packaged into retroviral virions. Recent data also demonstrate the formation of tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) upon infection to facilitate viral replication. Here, we comprehensively discuss how RNA viruses exploit distinct aspects of the host tRNA biology for their benefit. In light of the recent advances in the field, we propose that host tRNA-related pathways and mechanisms represent promising cellular targets for the development of novel antiviral strategies.
病毒依赖宿主细胞翻译机制来高效合成自身蛋白。新出现的证据强调了宿主转移 RNA（tRNA）在病毒复制过程中的不同作用。例如，不同的 RNA 病毒操纵宿主 tRNA 池，以利于病毒蛋白翻译。有趣的是，特定的宿主 tRNA 被用作逆转录引物，并被包装到逆转录病毒粒子中。最近的数据还表明，在感染过程中会形成 tRNA 衍生片段（tRFs），以促进病毒复制。在这里，我们全面讨论了 RNA 病毒如何利用宿主 tRNA 生物学的不同方面来获益。鉴于该领域的最新进展，我们提出，宿主 tRNA 相关途径和机制代表了开发新型抗病毒策略的有前途的细胞靶标。
