Srinivasan Rajesh, Ramadoss Ramya, Kandasamy Vanathy, Ranganadin Pajanivel, Green Siva Ranganathan, Kasirajan Anand, Pillai Agieshkumar Balakrishna
Mahatma Gandhi Medical Advanced Research Institute (MGMARI), Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Puducherry, 607402, India.
Department of Microbiology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute (MGMCRI), Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Puducherry, 607402, India.
Mol Biol Rep. 2025 Jan 12;52(1):115. doi: 10.1007/s11033-024-10214-3.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and transfer RNA-derived stress-induced RNAs (tiRNAs) have emerged as crucial players in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in various cellular processes, including immunity and host defense against infections. In recent years, increasing evidence has highlighted their complex role in influencing the host response during viral and bacterial infections. miRNAs have been shown to play multiple roles in host-pathogen interaction like TLR activation and altered disease virulence during bacterial infections. In the context of viral infections, miRNAs are involved in regulating viral replication, pathogenesis, and immune evasion. Similarly, tiRNAs have recently emerged as novel players in bacterial and viral infections such as modulating bacterial growth, adaptation to stress conditions, host antiviral responses, and impacting viral replication and pathogenesis. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the potential of miRNA expression profiles as diagnostic biomarkers to differentiate between bacterial and viral infections. Further discusses the key pathways through which small RNAs regulate bacterial and viral infection-related diseases.
微小RNA（miRNA）和转移RNA衍生的应激诱导RNA（tiRNA）已成为各种细胞过程（包括免疫和宿主抗感染防御）中基因表达转录后调控的关键参与者。近年来，越来越多的证据凸显了它们在病毒和细菌感染期间影响宿主反应的复杂作用。miRNA已被证明在宿主-病原体相互作用中发挥多种作用，如在细菌感染期间激活Toll样受体（TLR）并改变疾病毒力。在病毒感染的背景下，miRNA参与调节病毒复制、发病机制和免疫逃逸。同样，tiRNA最近已成为细菌和病毒感染中的新参与者，例如调节细菌生长、适应应激条件、宿主抗病毒反应以及影响病毒复制和发病机制。本综述全面分析了miRNA表达谱作为区分细菌和病毒感染的诊断生物标志物的潜力。进一步讨论了小RNA调节细菌和病毒感染相关疾病的关键途径。
