Non-coding RNAs and Exosomes: Their Role in the Pathogenesis of Sepsis.

Sepsis is characterized as an uncontrolled host response to infection, and it represents a serious health challenge, causing excess mortality and morbidity worldwide. The discovery of sepsis-related epigenetic and molecular mechanisms could result in improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, leading to a reduced overall risk for affected patients. Accumulating data show that microRNAs, non-coding RNAs, and exosomes could all be considered as novel diagnostic markers for sepsis patients. These biomarkers have been demonstrated to be involved in regulation of sepsis pathophysiology. However, epigenetic modifications have not yet been widely reported in actual clinical settings, and further investigation is required to determine their importance in intensive care patients. Further studies should be carried out to explore tissue-specific or organ-specific epigenetic RNA-based biomarkers and their therapeutic potential in sepsis patients.