Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
Eur J Nutr. 2021 Mar;60(2):897-904. doi: 10.1007/s00394-020-02294-1. Epub 2020 Jun 6.
Intervention studies have shown that isoflavone treatment improved glucose metabolism, indicating that soy intake may have a potential role in diabetes prevention.
We aimed to investigate the prospective association of soy isoflavone and soy food intakes with incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a birth cohort study.
We recruited 97,454 pregnant women (median gestational age 12 weeks) between January 2011 and March 2014. Dietary intakes during the 12 months preceding study enrollment were assessed by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The relative risks of GDM associated with soy isoflavone and soy food intakes were obtained by Poisson regression. Demographic information, histories of diseases, socioeconomic status, lifestyles, and dietary habits, obtained by a self-administrated questionnaire, were used for covariate adjustments.
We identified 1904 cases of GDM (2.2%) among 84,948 women. Compared with those in the lowest quintile of soy isoflavone intake, women in the highest quintile were found to have experienced a significantly lower risk of GDM (multivariate relative risk = 0.82; 95% confidence interval: 0.70, 0.95; P for trend = 0.05). Similar results were observed for genistein and daidzein. Regarding soy foods, intakes of miso soup and natto were inversely associated with GDM incidence (both P for trend ≤ 0.01), whereas the association for tofu intake appeared to be nonlinear (P for trend = 0.74).
Higher intakes of miso soup and natto before and during early pregnancy, compared with lower intakes, may be associated with a lower incidence of GDM.
干预研究表明，异黄酮治疗改善了葡萄糖代谢，表明大豆摄入可能在糖尿病预防中具有潜在作用。
我们旨在通过一项出生队列研究调查大豆异黄酮和大豆食品摄入与妊娠糖尿病（GDM）发生率的前瞻性关联。
我们招募了 97454 名孕妇（中位妊娠 12 周），时间为 2011 年 1 月至 2014 年 3 月。通过半定量食物频率问卷评估研究入组前 12 个月的饮食摄入量。通过泊松回归获得与大豆异黄酮和大豆食品摄入相关的 GDM 相对风险。通过自我管理问卷获得人口统计学信息、疾病史、社会经济状况、生活方式和饮食习惯，用于协变量调整。
我们在 84948 名女性中发现了 1904 例 GDM（2.2%）。与大豆异黄酮摄入量最低五分位组相比，摄入量最高五分位组的 GDM 风险明显较低（多变量相对风险=0.82；95%置信区间：0.70，0.95；趋势 P 值=0.05）。对于染料木黄酮和大豆苷元也观察到了类似的结果。关于大豆食品，味噌汤和纳豆的摄入量与 GDM 发生率呈负相关（趋势 P 值均≤0.01），而豆腐的摄入量与 GDM 发生率之间似乎呈非线性关系（趋势 P 值=0.74）。
与低摄入量相比，妊娠前和妊娠早期摄入更多的味噌汤和纳豆可能与 GDM 发生率降低相关。
