Antony Priya, Vijayan Ranjit
Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Aug 22;22(16):9059. doi: 10.3390/ijms22169059.
Diabetes mellitus is a major public health concern associated with high mortality and reduced life expectancy. The alarming rise in the prevalence of diabetes is linked to several factors including sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy diet. Nutritional intervention and increased physical activity could significantly contribute to bringing this under control. Food-derived bioactive peptides and protein hydrolysates have been associated with a number health benefits. Several peptides with antidiabetic potential have been identified that could decrease blood glucose level, improve insulin uptake and inhibit key enzymes involved in the development and progression of diabetes. Dietary proteins, from a wide range of food, are rich sources of antidiabetic peptides. Thus, there are a number of benefits in studying peptides obtained from food sources to develop nutraceuticals. A deeper understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of these peptides will assist in the development of new peptide-based therapeutics. Despite this, a comprehensive analysis of the antidiabetic properties of bioactive peptides derived from various food sources is still lacking. Here, we review the recent literature on food-derived bioactive peptides possessing antidiabetic activity. The focus is on the effectiveness of these peptides as evidenced by in vitro and in vivo studies. Finally, we discuss future prospects of peptide-based drugs for the treatment of diabetes.
糖尿病是一个重大的公共卫生问题，与高死亡率和预期寿命缩短相关。糖尿病患病率惊人的上升与包括久坐不动的生活方式和不健康饮食在内的多种因素有关。营养干预和增加体育活动可显著有助于控制这一情况。食物来源的生物活性肽和蛋白质水解产物与许多健康益处相关。已鉴定出几种具有抗糖尿病潜力的肽，它们可降低血糖水平、改善胰岛素摄取并抑制参与糖尿病发生和发展的关键酶。来自多种食物的膳食蛋白质是抗糖尿病肽的丰富来源。因此，研究从食物来源获得的肽以开发营养保健品有诸多益处。深入了解这些肽的潜在分子机制将有助于开发新的基于肽的疗法。尽管如此，仍缺乏对源自各种食物来源的生物活性肽的抗糖尿病特性的全面分析。在此，我们综述了近期关于具有抗糖尿病活性的食物来源生物活性肽的文献。重点是这些肽在体外和体内研究中所证明的有效性。最后，我们讨论基于肽的药物治疗糖尿病的未来前景。
