Sun Niuniu, Wen Shubo, Huo Zhenyu, He Zitong, Sun Tongyao, Hu Jingxi, Sonestedt Emily, Borné Yan, Zhang Shunming
School of Nursing, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China.
School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China.
Nutrients. 2024 Nov 27;16(23):4073. doi: 10.3390/nu16234073.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a prevalent pregnancy complication that seriously endangers maternal and infant health, posing a medical and economic burden worldwide. Several dietary patterns have been recommended for women of childbearing age, demonstrating a positive role in preventing and managing GDM. However, these dietary patterns may not fully take environmental factors into account when addressing global food sustainability and planetary health. In this context, the EAT-Lancet Commission proposed a diet in 2019 aimed at both health improvement and environmental sustainability, which can potentially reduce the prevalence of diet-related diseases. Nevertheless, the role of the EAT-Lancet reference diet in preventing and managing GDM has not been fully evaluated. Therefore, we conducted a literature search to assess the existing evidence for the association between the EAT-Lancet reference diet components and GDM. Based on the current evidence available in the PubMed database from inception to 31 October 2024, women of childbearing age are recommended to consume whole grains, fish, soy products, olive oil, full-fat dairy products, nuts, and moderate amounts of fruits while reducing red meat and sugar-sweetened beverage intake to lower the risk of GDM. There remains inconsistency regarding the association between tubers or starchy vegetables, vegetables, eggs, and poultry and the risk of GDM. In conclusion, current research on the association between diet and GDM is limited and offers suggestions for methodologies to obtain robust evidence regarding the association between the EAT-Lancet reference diet and GDM.
妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）是一种常见的妊娠并发症，严重危及母婴健康，在全球范围内造成了医疗和经济负担。针对育龄妇女推荐了几种饮食模式，这些模式在预防和管理GDM方面发挥了积极作用。然而，在应对全球粮食可持续性和地球健康问题时，这些饮食模式可能没有充分考虑环境因素。在此背景下，EAT-柳叶刀委员会在2019年提出了一种旨在改善健康和实现环境可持续性的饮食模式，这种饮食模式有可能降低与饮食相关疾病的患病率。然而，EAT-柳叶刀参考饮食在预防和管理GDM方面的作用尚未得到充分评估。因此，我们进行了文献检索，以评估EAT-柳叶刀参考饮食成分与GDM之间关联的现有证据。根据截至2024年10月31日PubMed数据库中现有的证据，建议育龄妇女食用全谷物、鱼类、豆制品、橄榄油、全脂乳制品、坚果，并适量食用水果，同时减少红肉和含糖饮料的摄入量，以降低患GDM的风险。关于块茎或淀粉类蔬菜、蔬菜、鸡蛋和家禽与GDM风险之间的关联，目前仍存在不一致之处。总之，目前关于饮食与GDM之间关联的研究有限，并为获取关于EAT-柳叶刀参考饮食与GDM之间关联的有力证据的方法提供了建议。
