Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, 80206, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Behavioral Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, 80206, USA.
Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2020 Jun 6;20(8):32. doi: 10.1007/s11882-020-00933-5.
Food allergy is increasing in prevalence, and management focuses on strict avoidance of known allergens and appropriately treating reactions. Any reaction has the potential to result in anaphylaxis, which can be fatal. Children spend a significant amount of time in the childcare or school setting, and interactions between families, school personnel, and clinicians are important to ensure the health and safety of children with allergies and asthma.
This review examines current food allergy guidelines and legislation, an assessment of allergen-free schools, the importance of written anaphylaxis action plans, training and education of school personnel, emerging treatment options, and the social implications of having food allergies. As the clinical use and research into food allergen immunotherapy continues to expand, an additional level of education and management is required of school personnel and caregivers. Food allergy has both medical and social implications, which are magnified in the school setting.
食物过敏的发病率正在上升，其治疗重点是严格避免已知过敏原，并适当治疗过敏反应。任何过敏反应都有可能导致过敏性休克，这可能是致命的。儿童在日托或学校环境中花费大量时间，因此家庭、学校人员和临床医生之间的互动对于确保过敏和哮喘儿童的健康和安全非常重要。
本综述检查了当前的食物过敏指南和法规、无过敏原学校的评估、制定书面过敏反应行动计划的重要性、学校人员的培训和教育、新出现的治疗选择以及食物过敏的社会影响。随着食物过敏原免疫疗法的临床应用和研究不断扩展，学校人员和护理人员需要掌握更高水平的教育和管理技能。食物过敏既有医学影响，也有社会影响，在学校环境中尤为明显。
