Increased weight loading reduces body weight and body fat in obese subjects - A proof of concept randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND

Recently we provided evidence for a leptin-independent homeostatic regulation, , of body weight in rodents. The aim of the present translational proof of concept study was to test the gravitostat hypothesis in humans.

METHODS

We conducted a randomized controlled single center trial (ClinicalTrial.gov number, NCT03672903), to evaluate the efficacy of artificially increased weight loading on body weight in subjects with mild obesity (BMI 30-35 kg/m). Subjects were either treated with a heavy (=high load; 11% of body weight) or light (=low load; 1% of body weight) weight vest for eight hours per day for three weeks. The primary outcome was change in body weight. Secondary outcomes included change in body fat mass and fat-free mass as measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis.

FINDINGS

In total 72 participants underwent randomization and 69 (36 high load and 33 low load) completed the study for the primary outcome. High load treatment resulted in a more pronounced relative body weight loss compared to low load treatment (mean difference -1.37%, 95% confidence interval (CI), -1.96 to -0.79;  = 1.5 × 10). High load treatment reduced fat mass (-4.04%, 95% CI, -6,53 to -1.55;  = 1.9 × 10) but not fat free mass (0.43%, 95% CI, -1.47 to 2.34;  = 0.65) compared to low load treatment.

INTERPRETATION

Increased weight loading reduces body weight and fat mass in obese subjects in a similar way as previously shown in obese rodents. These findings demonstrate that there is weight loading dependent homeostatic regulation of body weight, the gravitostat, also in humans.

FUNDING

Funded by Jane and Dan Olsson (JADO) Foundation, the Torsten Söderberg Foundation, The Knut and Alice Wallenberg's Foundation and the Novo Nordisk Foundation.