College of Health & Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2PZ, UK.
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2018 Apr;43(4):363-370. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0577. Epub 2017 Nov 2.
Individuals show high variability in body weight responses to exercise training. Expectations and motivation towards effects of exercise on body weight might influence eating behaviour and could conceal regulatory mechanisms. We conducted 2 single-blind exercise trials (4 weeks (study 1) and 8 weeks (study 2)) with concealed objectives and exclusion of individuals with weight loss intention. Circuit exercise training programs (3 times a week (45-90 min), intensity 50%-90% peak oxygen uptake for 4 and 8 weeks) were conducted. Thirty-four females finished the 4-week intervention and 36 females the 8-week intervention. Overweight/obese (OV/OB) and lean female participants' weight/body composition responses were assessed and fasting and postprandial appetite hormone levels (PYY, insulin, amylin, leptin, ghrelin) were measured before and after the intervention for understanding potential contribution to individuals' body weight response to exercise training (study 2). Exercise training in both studies did not lead to a significant reduction of weight/body mass index (BMI) in the participants' groups; however, lean participants gained muscle mass. Appetite hormones levels were significantly (p < 0.05) altered in the OV/OB group, affecting fasting (-24%) and postprandial amylin (-14%) levels. Investigation of individuals' BMI responses using multiple regression analysis revealed that levels of fasting leptin, postprandial amylin increase, and BMI were significant predictors of BMI change, explaining about 43% of the variance. In conclusion, tested exercise training did not lead to weight loss in female participants, while a considerable proportion of variance in body weight response to training could be explained by individuals' appetite hormone levels and BMI.
个体对运动训练的体重反应存在高度变异性。对运动对体重影响的期望和动机可能会影响饮食行为，并掩盖调节机制。我们进行了 2 项单盲运动试验（4 周（研究 1）和 8 周（研究 2）），目的隐蔽且排除有减重意向的个体。进行了循环运动训练计划（每周 3 次（45-90 分钟），强度为 50%-90%峰值摄氧量，持续 4 周和 8 周）。34 名女性完成了 4 周的干预，36 名女性完成了 8 周的干预。超重/肥胖（OV/OB）和瘦女性参与者的体重/身体成分反应进行了评估，并在干预前后测量了空腹和餐后食欲激素水平（PYY、胰岛素、胰淀素、瘦素、ghrelin），以了解其对个体对运动训练的体重反应的潜在贡献（研究 2）。两项研究中的运动训练都没有导致参与者体重/体重指数（BMI）的显著降低；然而，瘦参与者增加了肌肉质量。食欲激素水平在 OV/OB 组显著（p < 0.05）改变，影响空腹（-24%）和餐后胰淀素（-14%）水平。使用多元回归分析对个体 BMI 反应进行调查，结果表明，空腹瘦素水平、餐后胰淀素增加和 BMI 是 BMI 变化的显著预测因子，解释了约 43%的变异。总之，测试的运动训练并没有导致女性参与者体重减轻，而训练对体重反应的差异很大一部分可以用个体的食欲激素水平和 BMI 来解释。
