Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmacy Department, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany.
Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
J Agric Food Chem. 2020 Jul 8;68(27):7132-7142. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02238. Epub 2020 Jun 24.
In view of the common use of the herb basil () in nutrition and in phytomedicine, the contents of its leaves are of obvious interest. In extracts of fresh yellowish-green basil leaves, phyllobilins (PBs), which are bilin-type catabolites of chlorophyll (Chl), were detected using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Two such PBs, provisionally named -nonfluorescent chlorophyll catabolite (NCC)-40 and -YCC-45, exhibited previously unknown structures that were delineated by a thorough spectroscopic characterization. When basil leaves were infested with aphids or thrips or underwent fungal infections, areas with chlorosis were observed. HPLC analyses of the infested parts of leaves compared to those of the healthy parts showed a significant accumulation of PBs in the infested areas, demonstrating that the senescence-associated pheophorbide a oxygenase/phyllobilin (PAO/PB) pathway is activated by herbivore feeding and fungal infection.
鉴于药草罗勒（）在营养和植物药中的普遍应用，其叶子的成分显然引起了人们的兴趣。在新鲜的黄绿色罗勒叶提取物中，使用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）检测到了叶绿素有分解产物（PBs），即胆绿素（Chl）的双吡咯型代谢产物。其中两种 PBs，暂命名为 -非荧光叶绿素分解产物（NCC）-40 和 -YCC-45，具有以前未知的结构，通过彻底的光谱特征描述得以确定。当罗勒叶受到蚜虫或蓟马的侵害或发生真菌感染时，会观察到叶片出现黄化现象。与健康部位相比，对受感染叶片部位的 HPLC 分析表明，受感染部位的 PBs 大量积累，表明与衰老相关的原卟啉原氧化酶/叶绿素有分解产物（PAO/PB）途径被食草动物取食和真菌感染所激活。
