Department of Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
Center for Fire, Rescue, and EMS Health Research, NDRI-USA, Leawood, KS 66224, USA.
Environ Int. 2020 Sep;142:105818. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105818. Epub 2020 Jun 7.
Occupational chemical hazards in the fire service are hypothesized to play a role in increased cancer risk, and reliable sampling technologies are necessary for conducting firefighter chemical exposure assessments. This study presents the military-style dog tag as a new configuration of silicone passive sampling device to sample individual firefighters' exposures at one high and one low fire call volume department in the Kansas City, Missouri metropolitan area. The recruited firefighters (n = 56) wore separate dog tags to assess on- and off-duty exposures (n = 110), for a total of 30 24 h shifts. Using a 63 PAH method (GC-MS/MS), the tags detected 45 unique PAHs, of which 18 have not been previously reported as firefighting exposures. PAH concentrations were higher for on- compared to off-duty tags (0.25 < Cohen's d ≤ 0.80) and for the high compared to the low fire call volume department (0.25 ≤ d < 0.70). Using a 1530 analyte screening method (GC-MS), di-n-butyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate, guaiacol, and DEET were commonly detected analytes. The number of fire attacks a firefighter participated in was more strongly correlated with PAH concentrations than firefighter rank or years in the fire service. This suggested that quantitative data should be employed for firefighter exposure assessments, rather than surrogate measures. Because several detected analytes are listed as possible carcinogens, future firefighter exposure studies should consider evaluating complex mixtures to assess individual health risks.
职业性化学危害在消防工作中被认为与癌症风险增加有关，因此需要可靠的采样技术来进行消防员化学暴露评估。本研究提出了军用狗牌作为一种新型硅酮被动采样装置，用于在堪萨斯城密苏里州大都市区一个高和一个低火灾呼叫量部门的单个消防员身上采样。招募的消防员（n=56）佩戴单独的狗牌，以评估在职和非在职暴露情况（n=110），总计 30 个 24 小时班次。使用 63 种 PAH 方法（GC-MS/MS），这些标签检测到 45 种独特的 PAHs，其中 18 种以前没有被报道为消防暴露。在职标签的 PAH 浓度高于非在职标签（0.25<Cohen's d ≤0.80），高火灾呼叫量部门的 PAH 浓度也高于低火灾呼叫量部门（0.25≤d<0.70）。使用 1530 种分析物筛选方法（GC-MS），通常检测到邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯、愈创木酚和避蚊胺。消防员参与的火灾次数与 PAH 浓度的相关性强于消防员的职级或在消防部门的年限。这表明，对于消防员的暴露评估，应该使用定量数据，而不是替代指标。由于检测到的几种分析物被列为可能的致癌物质，因此未来的消防员暴露研究应考虑评估复杂混合物，以评估个体健康风险。
