Wu Yue, Perng Wei, Peterson Karen E
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
Metabolites. 2020 Jun 8;10(6):235. doi: 10.3390/metabo10060235.
Environmental exposures such as nutrition during life stages with high developmental plasticity-in particular, the period, infancy, childhood, and puberty-may have long-lasting influences on risk of chronic diseases, including obesity-related conditions that manifest as early as childhood. Yet, specific mechanisms underlying these relationships remain unclear. Here, we consider the study of 'omics mechanisms, including nutrigenomics, epigenetics/epigenomics, and metabolomics, within a life course epidemiological framework to accomplish three objectives. First, we carried out a scoping review of population-based literature with a focus on studies that include 'omics analyses during three sensitive periods during early life: , infancy, and childhood. We elected to conduct a scoping review because the application of multi-'omics and/or precision nutrition in childhood obesity prevention and treatment is relatively recent, and identifying knowledge gaps can expedite future research. Second, concomitant with the literature review, we discuss the relevance and plausibility of biological mechanisms that may underlie early origins of childhood obesity identified by studies to date. Finally, we identify current research limitations and future opportunities for application of multi-'omics in precision nutrition/health practice.
在具有高度发育可塑性的生命阶段，如孕期、婴儿期、儿童期和青春期，环境暴露（尤其是营养）可能会对慢性病风险产生长期影响，包括早在儿童期就表现出的肥胖相关病症。然而，这些关系背后的具体机制仍不清楚。在此，我们在生命历程流行病学框架内考虑对“组学”机制进行研究，包括营养基因组学、表观遗传学/表观基因组学和代谢组学，以实现三个目标。首先，我们对基于人群的文献进行了范围综述，重点关注在生命早期三个敏感时期（孕期、婴儿期和儿童期）进行“组学”分析的研究。我们选择进行范围综述，是因为多“组学”和/或精准营养在儿童肥胖预防和治疗中的应用相对较新，识别知识空白可以加快未来的研究。其次，在文献综述的同时，我们讨论了迄今研究确定的可能构成儿童肥胖早期起源基础的生物学机制的相关性和合理性。最后，我们确定了当前的研究局限性以及多“组学”在精准营养/健康实践中的应用的未来机会。
