Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Reading, UK.
Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health (IFNH), University of Reading, Reading, UK.
Lifestyle Genom. 2024;17(1):122-135. doi: 10.1159/000541909. Epub 2024 Oct 28.
Cardiometabolic diseases pose a significant threat to global public health, with a substantial majority of cardiovascular disease mortality (more than three-quarters) occurring in low- and middle-income countries. There have been remarkable advances in recent years in identifying genetic variants that alter disease susceptibility by interacting with dietary factors. Despite the remarkable progress, several factors need to be considered before the translation of nutrigenetics insights to personalised and precision nutrition in ethnically diverse populations. Some of these factors include variations in genetic predispositions, cultural and lifestyle factors as well as socio-economic factors.
This review aimed to explore the factors that need to be considered in bridging the gap between existing nutrigenetics insights and the implementation of personalised and precision nutrition across diverse ethnicities. Several factors might influence variations among individuals with regard to dietary exposures and metabolic responses, and these include genetic diversity, cultural and lifestyle factors as well as socio-economic factors. A multi-omics approach involving disciplines such as metabolomics, epigenetics, and the gut microbiome might contribute to improved understanding of the underlying mechanisms of gene-diet interactions and the implementation of precision nutrition although more research is needed to confirm the practicality and effectiveness of this approach. Conducting gene-diet interaction studies in diverse populations is essential and studies utilising large sample sizes are required as this improves the power to detect interactions with minimal effect sizes. Future studies should focus on replicating initial findings to enhance reliability and promote comparison across studies. Once findings have been replicated in independent samples, dietary intervention studies will be required to further strengthen the evidence and facilitate their application in clinical practice.
Nutrigenetics has a potential role to play in the prevention and management of cardiometabolic diseases. Conducting gene-diet interaction studies in diverse populations is essential giving the genetic diversity and variations in dietary patterns. Integrating data from disciplines such as metabolomics, epigenetics, and the gut microbiome could help in early identification of individuals at risk of cardiometabolic diseases as well as the implementation of precise dietary interventions for preventing and managing cardiometabolic diseases.
心血管疾病对全球公共健康构成了重大威胁，其中超过四分之三的心血管疾病死亡发生在中低收入国家。近年来，在确定通过与饮食因素相互作用改变疾病易感性的遗传变异方面取得了显著进展。尽管取得了显著进展，但在将营养遗传学见解转化为不同种族的个性化和精准营养之前，需要考虑几个因素。其中一些因素包括遗传易感性、文化和生活方式因素以及社会经济因素的差异。
本综述旨在探讨在弥合现有营养遗传学见解与跨不同种族实施个性化和精准营养之间的差距时需要考虑的因素。遗传多样性、文化和生活方式因素以及社会经济因素等几个因素可能会影响个体在饮食暴露和代谢反应方面的差异。涉及代谢组学、表观遗传学和肠道微生物组等学科的多组学方法可能有助于更好地了解基因-饮食相互作用的潜在机制和实施精准营养，尽管需要更多的研究来证实这种方法的实用性和有效性。在不同人群中进行基因-饮食相互作用研究至关重要，需要进行大型样本量的研究，因为这可以提高检测最小效应大小的相互作用的能力。未来的研究应侧重于复制初始发现，以提高可靠性并促进研究之间的比较。一旦在独立样本中复制了发现结果，就需要进行饮食干预研究，以进一步加强证据并促进其在临床实践中的应用。
营养遗传学在预防和管理心血管疾病方面具有潜在作用。在遗传多样性和饮食模式差异的情况下，在不同人群中进行基因-饮食相互作用研究至关重要。整合来自代谢组学、表观遗传学和肠道微生物组等学科的数据，可以帮助早期识别患有心血管疾病风险的个体，并实施精确的饮食干预措施来预防和管理心血管疾病。
