Department of Food Safety and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary, Veterinary Academy Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickevičiaus str. 9, LT-44307, Kaunas, Lithuania.
J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2020 Aug 28;30(8):1149-1155. doi: 10.4014/jmb.2003.03010.
Silage is one of the main feed components of ruminants in the world. Which can consist about 50 - 80% part of the ration of dairy cows during the winter. The aim of this study was to evaluate oregano ( L.) and thyme ( L.) aqueous and ethanol extracts usability to improve the hygienic quality of perennial ryegrass, red clover and blue alfalfa silage samples and estimate their effect to mycotoxins concentrations. During the experiment under laboratory conditions 63 silage samples (21 perennial ryegrasses, 21 blue alfalfa, 21 red clover) has been fermented with inserted oregano and thyme aqueous and ethanol extracts and two commercial inoculants with mesophilic lactic acid bacteria. After 96 days of fermentation in silage samples were established fermentation parameters, microbiological status and mycotoxins concentrations. It was determined that the best results for perennial ryegrass and red clover silage samples hygienic quality was achieved with inserted oregano aqueous and thyme ethanol extracts. While in blue alfalfa samples, the best results of silage hygienic indicators were determined with inserted oregano aqueous and ethanol extracts. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEA) and T-2 toxin concentrations in perennial ryegrass, red clover and blue alfalfa silage samples were best reduced with inserted aqueous and ethanol extracts of oregano and thyme. The present study shows that oregano ( L.) and thyme ( L.) aqueous and ethanol extracts can be used to improve the silage hygienic quality, reduce mycotoxins concentrations and thus ensure the wellness of cattle.
青贮是世界反刍动物的主要饲料成分之一。在冬季，奶牛的日粮中青贮料可占 50-80%。本研究旨在评估牛至（L.）和百里香（L.）水提物和醇提物在改善多年生黑麦草、红三叶草和紫花苜蓿青贮样品卫生质量方面的应用，并评估其对霉菌毒素浓度的影响。在实验室条件下进行的实验中，将 63 个青贮样品（21 个多年生黑麦草、21 个紫花苜蓿、21 个红三叶草）与插入的牛至和百里香水提物和醇提物以及两种具有嗜温乳酸菌的商业接种剂一起发酵。发酵 96 天后，对青贮样品的发酵参数、微生物状况和霉菌毒素浓度进行了评估。结果表明，在多年生黑麦草和红三叶草青贮样品中，插入牛至水提物和百里香醇提物可获得最佳卫生质量。而在紫花苜蓿青贮样品中，插入牛至水提物和醇提物可获得最佳青贮卫生指标。在多年生黑麦草、红三叶草和紫花苜蓿青贮样品中，阿魏酸 B1（AFB1）、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）、玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEA）和 T-2 毒素的浓度均随插入的牛至和百里香的水提物和醇提物而降低。本研究表明，牛至（L.）和百里香（L.）水提物和醇提物可用于改善青贮卫生质量，降低霉菌毒素浓度，从而确保牛的健康。
