Arnold Susan A, Platt Simon R, Gendron Karine P, West Franklin D
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, United States.
Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.
Front Vet Sci. 2020 May 27;7:279. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00279. eCollection 2020.
Strokes, both ischemic and hemorrhagic, are the most common underlying cause of acute, non-progressive encephalopathy in dogs. In effect, substantial information detailing the underlying causes and predisposing factors, affected vessels, imaging features, and outcomes based on location and extent of injury is available. The features of canine strokes on both computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been described in numerous studies. This summary article serves as a compilation of these various descriptions. Drawing from the established and emerging stroke evaluation sequences used in the investigation of strokes in humans, this summary describes all theoretically available sequences. Particular detail is given to logistics of image acquisition, description of imaging findings, and each sequence's advantages and disadvantages. As the imaging features of both forms of strokes are highly representative of the underlying pathophysiologic stages in the hours to months following stroke onset, the descriptions of strokes at various stages are also discussed. It is unlikely that canine strokes can be diagnosed within the same rapid time frame as human strokes, and therefore the opportunity for thrombolytic intervention in ischemic strokes is unattainable. However, a thorough understanding of the appearance of strokes at various stages can aid the clinician when presented with a patient that has developed a stroke in the days or weeks prior to evaluation. Additionally, investigation into new imaging techniques may increase the sensitivity and specificity of stroke diagnosis, as well as provide new ways to monitor strokes over time.
中风，包括缺血性和出血性中风，是犬急性非进行性脑病最常见的潜在病因。实际上，已有大量详细信息，涵盖潜在病因和诱发因素、受累血管、影像学特征以及基于损伤部位和程度的预后情况。众多研究描述了计算机断层扫描（CT）和磁共振成像（MRI）上犬中风的特征。这篇综述文章汇总了这些不同的描述。借鉴用于人类中风研究的既定和新兴中风评估序列，本综述描述了所有理论上可用的序列。特别详细介绍了图像采集的流程、影像学表现的描述以及每个序列的优缺点。由于两种类型中风的影像学特征在中风发作后数小时至数月内高度代表潜在的病理生理阶段，因此还讨论了不同阶段中风的描述。犬中风不太可能像人类中风那样在相同的快速时间框架内被诊断出来，因此缺血性中风进行溶栓干预的机会是无法实现的。然而，当面对在评估前数天或数周内发生中风的患者时，全面了解不同阶段中风的表现有助于临床医生做出诊断。此外，对新成像技术的研究可能会提高中风诊断的敏感性和特异性，并提供随时间监测中风的新方法。
