Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Am J Cardiol. 2020 Aug 1;128:210-215. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.05.008. Epub 2020 May 16.
The clinical and imaging differences between bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) patients with medically managed asymptomatic moderate-to-severe aortic stenosis (AS) have not been studied previously. We aim to characterize these differences and their clinical outcomes in this study. A retrospective observational study was conducted on 836 consecutive cases of isolated asymptomatic moderate-to-severe AS, with median follow-up of 3.4 years. Clinical and echocardiographic characteristics were compared between BAV and TAV patients. Subgroup analysis stratified by AS severity were performed. Survival analysis of all-cause mortality was performed using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards model. Compared to BAV patients, TAV patients were older (76 ± 11 vs 55 ± 16 years, p <0.001) and had more co-morbidities including hypertension (78% vs 56%; p <0.001), diabetes (41% vs 24%; p <0.001), and chronic kidney disease (20% vs 3%; p = 0.001). TAV patients had less severe aortic valve disease than BAV patients, with a higher aortic valve area index (0.71 ± 0.20 cm/m vs 0.61 ± 0.18 cm/m, p <0.001) and less aortic dilation (sinotubular junction: 23.7 ± 4.0 mm vs 26.9 ± 4.8 mm, p <0.001; mid-ascending aorta: 31.4 ± 4.7 mm vs 36.3 ± 6.3 mm, p <0.001). TAV patients were more likely to have eccentric left ventricular hypertrophy and less likely to have a normal geometry (p = 0.003). Competing risk analysis identified increased age (hazard ratio 1.03, 95% confidence interval 1.02 to 1.05, p <0.001) and LVEF (hazard ratio 0.98, 95% confidence interval 0.97 to 0.99, p <0.001) as independent risk factors of all-cause mortality. Valve morphology was not a significant independent risk factor for aortic valve replacement or mortality. In conclusion, asymptomatic TAV patients had more cardiovascular risk factors, less severe aortic valve disease, less sinotubular and mid-ascending aortic dilation, more severe LV remodeling.
先前尚未研究经医学治疗的无症状中重度主动脉瓣狭窄(AS)的二叶式主动脉瓣(BAV)和三叶式主动脉瓣(TAV)患者的临床和影像学差异。我们旨在描述这些差异及其在本研究中的临床结局。
对 836 例连续的孤立性无症状中重度 AS 患者进行了回顾性观察性研究,中位随访时间为 3.4 年。比较了 BAV 和 TAV 患者的临床和超声心动图特征。按 AS 严重程度进行亚组分析。使用 Kaplan-Meier 曲线和 Cox 比例风险模型进行全因死亡率的生存分析。
与 BAV 患者相比,TAV 患者年龄更大(76±11 岁 vs. 55±16 岁,p<0.001),合并症更多,包括高血压(78% vs. 56%,p<0.001)、糖尿病(41% vs. 24%,p<0.001)和慢性肾脏病(20% vs. 3%,p=0.001)。TAV 患者的主动脉瓣疾病比 BAV 患者轻,主动脉瓣面积指数更高(0.71±0.20 cm/m vs. 0.61±0.18 cm/m,p<0.001),主动脉扩张更小(窦管交界:23.7±4.0 mm vs. 26.9±4.8 mm,p<0.001;升主动脉中段:31.4±4.7 mm vs. 36.3±6.3 mm,p<0.001)。TAV 患者更可能出现偏心性左心室肥厚,而更不可能出现正常几何形状(p=0.003)。竞争风险分析确定年龄增加(风险比 1.03,95%置信区间 1.02 至 1.05,p<0.001)和 LVEF(风险比 0.98,95%置信区间 0.97 至 0.99,p<0.001)是全因死亡率的独立危险因素。瓣膜形态不是主动脉瓣置换或死亡率的显著独立危险因素。
总之,无症状 TAV 患者有更多的心血管危险因素,主动脉瓣疾病较轻,窦管交界和升主动脉中段扩张较小,左心室重构更严重。
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