Clotas Caterina, Bartroli Montse, Caballé Marta, Pasarín Maria Isabel, Villalbí Joan R
Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona. Barcelona. España.
Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut. Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Barcelona. España.
Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2020 Jun 15;94:e202006043.
Gambling may cause a variety of problems, both health and social, to the player, his family and his environment; Problems can be more serious for those who gamble more frequently or bet more money. Beyond the mental health gambling disorder and considering other harms derived from gambling, it is possible to develop a public health approach to the issue, including both prevention and harm reduction aspects. In recent decades gambling availability has expanded, with attempts at regulation. The objective of this paper is to provide basic information about gambling in Spain, stratifying data by Autonomous Communities (AC), from a public health perspective.
A descriptive study of some aspects of gambling in Spain was carried out. The data for amounts gambled by participants, gross gaming revenue of the industry, and establishments or machines licensed for the year 2017 were extracted from the available systematic sources. Aggregated data were tabulated and stratified by AC for those presential gambling categories with the greatest compulsive gambling potential and relevant business volume. Crude results and ratios per 100,000 inhabitants were calculated.
Up to 41,826.8 million euros were spent gambling throughout Spain in 2017, a figure that exceeds 3.5% of the Gross Domestic Product, and the largest segment was online gambling in its various modalities (32%), followed by the national lottery and similar traditional games (27%). The supply of gambling venues (74.9 establishments per million inhabitants) was assessed by AC, showing large differences among them: their density in the region of Murcia is tenfold that of Catalonia. Gambling machines that can be installed in hospitality establishments (B machines) showed a density of 43.4 per 1,000 inhabitants, with greater homogeneity across AC than gambling premises. Regional data on the amounts spent in casinos, bingo cards, and sports betting show no homogeneous patterns.
The volume of money spent on gambling in Spain is very important, and online gambling has become the largest business segment. The most traditional game modes and probably with less addictive potential such as lotteries and draws continue to have a relevant presence. The availability of presential gambling shows wide heterogeneity among AC, especially for licensed gambling establishments, whose density is ten times greater in the community with more supply compared to the one with less. The data by AC of some game modalities suggest that availability may be a relevant factor for gambling, but not the only one.
赌博可能给参与者、其家庭及周围环境带来各种健康和社会问题；对于那些更频繁赌博或投注金额更大的人来说，问题可能更严重。除了心理健康方面的赌博障碍以及赌博带来的其他危害之外，有可能针对这一问题制定一种公共卫生方法，包括预防和减少危害两个方面。近几十年来，赌博活动的可及性有所扩大，同时也有监管方面的尝试。本文的目的是从公共卫生角度提供西班牙赌博情况的基本信息，并按自治区（AC）对数据进行分层。
对西班牙赌博的某些方面进行了描述性研究。从现有的系统来源中提取了2017年参与者的赌博金额、该行业的博彩总收入以及获得许可的场所或机器的数据。对汇总数据进行列表，并按自治区对那些具有最大强迫性赌博潜力和相关业务量的现场赌博类别进行分层。计算了粗略结果和每10万居民的比率。
2017年西班牙全国赌博支出高达418.268亿欧元，这一数字超过国内生产总值的3.5%，其中最大的部分是各种形式的在线赌博（32%），其次是国家彩票及类似传统游戏（27%）。按自治区评估了赌博场所的供应情况（每百万居民74.9个场所），结果显示各自治区之间存在很大差异：穆尔西亚地区的密度是加泰罗尼亚的十倍。可安装在酒店场所的赌博机（B类机器）密度为每千名居民43.4台，与赌博场所相比，各自治区之间的同质性更高。关于赌场、宾果卡和体育博彩支出的地区数据没有呈现出统一模式。
西班牙赌博支出规模非常庞大，在线赌博已成为最大的业务领域。最传统的游戏模式，可能也是成瘾潜力较小的模式，如彩票和抽奖，仍然占据重要地位。现场赌博的可及性在各自治区之间存在很大差异，特别是对于获得许可的赌博场所而言，供应较多的社区其密度比供应较少的社区高出十倍。某些游戏模式按自治区划分的数据表明，可及性可能是赌博的一个相关因素，但不是唯一因素。
