Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, ON N6A 3B4, Canada.
Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2021;19(2):176-192. doi: 10.2174/1570161118666200616144512.
Obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are becoming more common among pregnant women worldwide and are individually associated with a number of placenta-mediated obstetric complications, including preeclampsia, macrosomia, intrauterine growth restriction and stillbirth. The placenta serves several functions throughout pregnancy and is the main exchange site for the transfer of nutrients and gas from mother to fetus. In pregnancies complicated by maternal obesity or GDM, the placenta is exposed to environmental changes, such as increased inflammation and oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, and altered hormone levels. These changes can affect placental development and function and lead to abnormal fetal growth and development as well as metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities in the offspring. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on the effects of obesity and GDM on placental development and function. Understanding these processes is key in developing therapeutic interventions with the goal of mitigating these effects and preventing future cardiovascular and metabolic pathology in subsequent generations.
肥胖和妊娠糖尿病（GDM）在全球范围内越来越常见，并且与许多胎盘介导的产科并发症有关，包括子痫前期、巨大儿、宫内生长受限和死胎。胎盘在整个怀孕期间发挥多种功能，是母体到胎儿营养物质和气体交换的主要场所。在母亲肥胖或 GDM 合并妊娠的情况下，胎盘会受到环境变化的影响，如炎症和氧化应激增加、血脂异常以及激素水平改变。这些变化会影响胎盘的发育和功能，导致胎儿生长和发育异常以及后代代谢和心血管异常。本综述旨在总结肥胖和 GDM 对胎盘发育和功能的影响。了解这些过程对于开发治疗干预措施以减轻这些影响并预防后代的心血管和代谢性疾病至关重要。
