Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged , Szeged, Hungary.
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad, Pakistan.
Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2020 Sep;17(9):1239-1257. doi: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1783237. Epub 2020 Jun 29.
Macrophages are involved in the normal defense of the body; however, the varying phenotypes of macrophages and imbalance in their ratio lead to the impairment of immune response initiating the production of inflammation. As the role of macrophages in immunological disorders and their surface receptors modulation has already been manifested; hence, macrophages can be exploited to make them a viable candidate for targeted delivery, which was not possible with previously designed conventional therapies for the immune disorders.
Nanotechnology is a promising, clear cut, efficient, and adequate approach for targeting macrophages. Literature addresses the receptors available for targeting and the novel small dimensional therapeutic delivery vehicles to target them along with a brief overview of the role of macrophages in these diseases. Furthermore, the patents based on this idea are also listed.
Targeted drug delivery to macrophages should take into consideration the plasticity of macrophages and their modulation over time in the diseases. A cost-effective scale-up method of development will further facilitate the clinical trials. Besides, the implementation of safety guidelines to target macrophages and the studies of long-term effects of targeted approaches in humans would highly encourage the clinical outcomes.
巨噬细胞参与机体的正常防御；然而，巨噬细胞表型的多样性和它们比例的失衡导致免疫反应受损，引发炎症的产生。由于巨噬细胞在免疫紊乱中的作用及其表面受体的调节作用已经显现；因此，可以利用巨噬细胞使它们成为靶向递送的可行候选物，这是以前设计的针对免疫紊乱的常规疗法所不可能的。
纳米技术是一种有前途的、明确的、有效的、充分的靶向巨噬细胞的方法。文献介绍了可用于靶向的受体和新型小尺寸治疗性递药载体，以及巨噬细胞在这些疾病中的作用的简要概述。此外，还列出了基于这一想法的专利。
针对巨噬细胞的靶向药物递送应考虑到巨噬细胞的可塑性及其在疾病过程中的时间调节。一种具有成本效益的扩大开发规模的方法将进一步促进临床试验。此外，实施针对巨噬细胞的安全指南以及针对人类的靶向方法的长期效果研究，将极大地鼓励临床结果。
