Dusek Jennings Eva, Parker Micaela S, Simenstad Charles A
School of Aquatic & Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, 1122 NE Boat Street, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.
School of Oceanography, University of Washington, 616 NE Northlake Place, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.
Toxicon X. 2020 Feb 19;6:100027. doi: 10.1016/j.toxcx.2020.100027. eCollection 2020 Jun.
Domoic acid (DA), a neurotoxin produced by certain species within the diatom genus , has caused numerous persistent harvest closures for razor clam along the outer coast of Washington State (USA) over the last three decades. In comparison, bivalve harvest closures for DA have only occurred three times in Washington's largest inland estuary, Puget Sound, which has a variety of bivalve species excluding razor clam. While differing bloom dynamics in the two locations are responsible for much of the disparity in shellfish harvest closures, species-specific differences in DA depuration may affect the duration of harvest closures in the two regions. Toxin-producing were fed to four species of bivalves, followed by measurement of tissue DA content over time to estimate depuration rate. Experimental species include razor clam and three species of intertidal Puget Sound bivalves: soft-shell clam , purple varnish clam and Manila clam . Using an exponential decay model, DA depuration rates were estimated as: 0.02·day ±0.08 for razor clam, 0.10·day ±0.07 for purple varnish clam, 0.37·day ±0.03 for soft-shell clam, and 0.44·day ±0.02 for Manila clam. Puget Sound species depurated DA between five and 22 times as fast as outer coast razor clam. Within Puget Sound species, slow DA depuration rates in purple varnish clam indicate that it may be a good sentinel organism for assessing beach-wide maximum DA concentrations in Puget Sound bivalves.
软骨藻酸（DA）是硅藻属某些物种产生的一种神经毒素，在过去三十年里，它已导致美国华盛顿州外海岸的太平洋潜泥蛤多次持续停止捕捞。相比之下，华盛顿最大的内陆河口普吉特海湾因软骨藻酸导致双壳贝类停止捕捞仅发生过三次，该海湾有多种双壳贝类，不包括太平洋潜泥蛤。虽然两个地点不同的藻华动态是贝类捕捞停止差异的主要原因，但软骨藻酸净化过程中物种特异性差异可能会影响两个地区捕捞停止的持续时间。将产毒藻类投喂给四种双壳贝类，然后随时间测量组织中的软骨藻酸含量以估计净化率。实验物种包括太平洋潜泥蛤和普吉特海湾潮间带的三种双壳贝类：软壳蛤、紫彩血蛤和菲律宾蛤仔。使用指数衰减模型，软骨藻酸的净化率估计为：太平洋潜泥蛤为0.02·天±0.08，紫彩血蛤为0.10·天±0.07，软壳蛤为0.37·天±0.03，菲律宾蛤仔为0.44·天±0.02。普吉特海湾的物种净化软骨藻酸的速度比外海岸太平洋潜泥蛤快五到二十二倍。在普吉特海湾的物种中，紫彩血蛤软骨藻酸净化速度较慢，这表明它可能是评估普吉特海湾双壳贝类全海滩最大软骨藻酸浓度的良好指示生物。
