偏头痛的性别差异：土耳其一项全国性居家研究的结果
Sex Differences of Migraine: Results of a Nationwide Home-based Study in Turkey.
作者信息
Akarsu Emel Oğuz, Baykan Betül, Ertaş Mustafa, Zarifoğlu Mehmet, Kocasoy Orhan Elif, Saip Sabahattin, Siva Aksel, Önal Ayşe Emel, Karli Necdet
机构信息
Department of Neurology, Uludağ University, Uludağ School of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey.
Department of Neurology, İstanbul University, İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey.
出版信息
Noro Psikiyatr Ars. 2019 Sep 26;57(2):126-130. doi: 10.29399/npa.23240. eCollection 2020 Jun.
INTRODUCTION
The prevalence of migraine was found to be more than three-fold higher in women as compared with men, and in addition to differences in prevalence rates, the characteristics and associated features might also differ between the sexes. The aim of this study was to compare sex-specific features of migraine and demographic parameters in a nationwide population-based study in Turkey.
METHODS
Among 5323 subjects, a total of 871 patients who were diagnosed as having definite migraine according to the diagnostic criteria of the International Classification of Headache Disorders-III (ICHD-III) were included in our study. The demographic characteristics, associated features, and triggers of migraine were examined with regard to sex.
RESULTS
The study group comprised 640 women (73.5%) and 231 men (26.5%), with a female to male ratio of 2.8:1. Attack duration, mean migraine disability assessment scores (MIDAS), frequencies of nausea, vomiting, osmophobia, vertigo/dizziness, and allodynia were found significantly different between women and men. When we compared these parameters between men and postmenopausal women, all these parameters were still significant except nausea. Odor was statistically more frequent as a reported trigger in women, whereas excessive sleep was a statistically more frequent triggering factor in men. The rates of depression and allergy were significantly higher in women when compared with men.
CONCLUSION
Longer attack duration, higher MIDAS scores, and the frequencies of nausea, vomiting, osmophobia, vertigo/dizziness, and allodynia were more significant in women and this variance in sex persisted after menopause. Also, some trigger factors and co-morbidities differed between the sexes. These findings might result from complex genetic factors besides sociocultural influences, biologic, and sociocultural roles. Future studies should continue to explore biologic and genetic factors with respect to sex in migraine.
引言
研究发现，偏头痛在女性中的患病率比男性高出三倍多。除了患病率存在差异外，偏头痛的特征及相关症状在性别之间也可能有所不同。本研究旨在通过一项基于土耳其全国人口的研究，比较偏头痛的性别特异性特征和人口统计学参数。
方法
在5323名受试者中，共有871名根据《国际头痛疾病分类第三版》（ICHD-III）诊断标准被确诊为患有明确偏头痛的患者纳入我们的研究。我们从性别角度对偏头痛的人口统计学特征、相关症状及诱发因素进行了研究。
结果
研究组包括640名女性（73.5%）和231名男性（26.5%），男女比例为2.8:1。研究发现，女性和男性在发作持续时间、平均偏头痛残疾评估量表（MIDAS）得分、恶心、呕吐、畏光、眩晕/头晕以及痛觉过敏的发生频率方面存在显著差异。当我们比较男性和绝经后女性的这些参数时，除恶心外，所有这些参数仍然存在显著差异。在报告的诱发因素中，气味在女性中出现的统计学频率更高，而睡眠过多在男性中是统计学上更常见的诱发因素。与男性相比，女性的抑郁症和过敏发生率显著更高。
结论
女性的发作持续时间更长、MIDAS得分更高，恶心、呕吐、畏光、眩晕/头晕以及痛觉过敏的发生频率也更高，且这种性别差异在绝经后依然存在。此外，两性之间的一些诱发因素和合并症也有所不同。这些发现可能是由复杂的遗传因素以及社会文化影响、生物学和社会文化角色共同导致的。未来的研究应继续探索偏头痛中与性别相关的生物学和遗传因素。
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