Ondrejková A, Švrček Š, Ondrejka R, Beníšek Z, Süli J, Kopřiva V, Zemanová S, Benkő Z, Korytár Ľ
Acta Virol. 2020;64(2):216-225. doi: 10.4149/av_2020_211.
Currently, Slovakia is a rabies-free country, but the epizootiological situation of rabies was not always favorable. The main reservoir species of rabies virus in the first half of the last century was the domestic dog. Since 1906, hundreds of cases were reported, of which approximately 90% were infected dogs. The disease had a typical urban character. Since 1929, the number of rabid domestic animals decreased due to the implementation of dog vaccination campaigns in particular parts of Slovakia. From the second half of 1950s, red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) have become an important reservoir of the RABV. In this time period urban rabies in Slovakia changed into sylvatic form. One effective method of prevention and control of wildlife rabies is an oral rabies vaccination of red foxes. It is carried out in Slovakia since 1993. A detailed development of the rabies epizootiological situation on the territory of the Slovak Republic until the application of oral antirabies immunisation of foxes and the current situation after its performance is the main object of this review. Keywords: rabies; Lyssavirus; red fox; incidence; oral vaccination.
目前，斯洛伐克是一个无狂犬病国家，但狂犬病的动物流行病学情况并非一直良好。上世纪上半叶，狂犬病病毒的主要储存宿主是家犬。自1906年以来，报告了数百例病例，其中约90%是感染的犬只。该病具有典型的城市特征。自1929年起，由于在斯洛伐克部分地区开展了犬类疫苗接种运动，患狂犬病的家畜数量有所减少。从20世纪50年代下半叶起，赤狐（Vulpes vulpes）成为狂犬病病毒的重要储存宿主。在此期间，斯洛伐克的城市狂犬病转变为野生动物狂犬病形式。预防和控制野生动物狂犬病的一种有效方法是对赤狐进行口服狂犬病疫苗接种。自1993年起在斯洛伐克开展此项工作。本综述的主要目的是详细阐述斯洛伐克共和国境内在对狐狸进行口服抗狂犬病免疫接种之前狂犬病的动物流行病学情况发展，以及接种后的现状。关键词：狂犬病；狂犬病毒属；赤狐；发病率；口服疫苗接种
