Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Virology Unit, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Viruses. 2021 Mar 4;13(3):405. doi: 10.3390/v13030405.
Sylvatic rabies was present in Slovenia between 1973 and 2013, with the red fox as the main reservoir of the rabies virus. The first oral rabies vaccination (ORV) control program in foxes started in 1988, using the manual distribution of baits. Significant improvement of fox vaccination was achieved with the aerial distribution of baits, starting in 1995 and successfully finished with the final, fifty-ninth vaccination campaign in 2019. Between 1979 and 2019, a total of 86,471 samples were tested, and 10,975 (12.69%) rabies-positive animals were identified. Within the ORV, two different vaccines were used, containing modified live virus strain Street Alabama Dufferin (SAD) B19 and SAD Bern, while the last ORV campaigns were completed in 2019, with a vaccine containing a genetically modified strain of SPBN GASGAS. Molecular epidemiological studies of 95 rabies-positive samples, originating from red foxes, badgers, cattle, dogs, martens, cats, and horses, revealed a low genetic diversity of circulating strains and high similarity to strains from neighboring countries. During the elimination program, few vaccine-induced rabies cases were detected: three in red foxes and one case in a marten, with no epidemiological relevance. Slovenia has been officially declared a country free of rabies since 2016.
森林性狂犬病曾于 1973 年至 2013 年在斯洛文尼亚流行，红狐是狂犬病病毒的主要宿主。1988 年开始实施针对狐狸的首次口服狂犬病疫苗（ORV）控制计划，采用手动投放毒饵。1995 年开始采用空中投放毒饵，显著提高了狐狸的接种率，并于 2019 年最后一次（第 59 次）接种活动成功完成。1979 年至 2019 年期间，共检测了 86471 份样本，发现 10975 份（12.69%）狂犬病阳性动物。在 ORV 中，使用了两种不同的疫苗，含有改良活病毒株街阿利桑那杜费因（SAD）B19 和 SAD 伯尔尼，而最后一次 ORV 活动于 2019 年完成，使用了一种含有基因改良 SPBN GASGAS 株的疫苗。对来自红狐、獾、牛、狗、貂、猫和马的 95 份狂犬病阳性样本进行的分子流行病学研究表明，流行株的遗传多样性较低，与邻国的毒株高度相似。在消除计划期间，仅检测到少数疫苗诱导的狂犬病病例：3 例来自红狐，1 例来自貂，均无流行病学意义。自 2016 年以来，斯洛文尼亚已被正式宣布为无狂犬病国家。
