First Nations Child and Family Caring Society, McGill University, Canada.
Victorian Aboriginal Child Care Agency, La Trobe University, Australia.
Child Abuse Negl. 2020 Dec;110(Pt 1):104587. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104587. Epub 2020 Jun 15.
This paper explores the efficacy of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (Convention, UN General Assembly, 1989) through the lens of the over-representation of First Nations children placed in out-of-home care in Canada and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in Australia. A general overview of Indigenous worldviews frames a discussion on the coherence of international human rights law and instruments, including the Convention, account for Indigenous Peoples' ontologies. The authors argue that the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UN General Assembly, 2007) and a new theoretical framework published by the Pan American Health Organization (2019) on health equity and inequity are useful tools to augment the Convention's coherence with Indigenous ontologies. The paper discusses how the Convention can be applied to structural and systemic risks driving the over-representation of First Nations and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in out of home care in Canada and Australia. These two countries are included as First Nations and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in these countries have both had significant impact in advocating for their children despite experiencing similar barriers including contemporary colonialism. The advocacy work of the First Nations Child and Family Caring Society in Canada and the Victorian Aboriginal Child Care Agency in Victoria, Australia are discussed. The paper ends by outlining some of the challenges ahead that include the need to meaningfully recognize Indigenous self-determination and equitable funding and resources to enable the actualization of self-determination. Further research contrasting international human rights instruments with Indigenous ontologies could help inform possible amendments to international human rights treaties and general comments.
本文通过探讨加拿大原住民儿童和澳大利亚原住民及托雷斯海峡岛民儿童在家庭外照料中比例过高的现象，研究了《联合国儿童权利公约》（联合国大会，1989 年）的效力。本文首先概述了原住民世界观，然后讨论了国际人权法和文书，包括《公约》，如何与原住民本体论保持一致。作者认为，《联合国土著人民权利宣言》（联合国大会，2007 年）和泛美卫生组织（2019 年）发布的关于卫生公平和不公平的新理论框架是增强《公约》与原住民本体论一致性的有用工具。本文还讨论了《公约》如何适用于推动加拿大和澳大利亚原住民和托雷斯海峡岛民儿童在家庭外照料中比例过高的结构性和系统性风险。这两个国家被包括在内，因为这些国家的原住民和澳大利亚原住民及托雷斯海峡岛民都在倡导自己的儿童权利方面发挥了重要作用，尽管他们面临着类似的障碍，包括当代殖民主义。本文还讨论了加拿大原住民儿童和家庭关爱协会以及澳大利亚维多利亚州原住民儿童关爱机构的倡导工作。最后，本文概述了未来的一些挑战，包括需要有意义地承认原住民的自决权以及公平的资金和资源，以实现自决。比较国际人权文书和原住民本体论的进一步研究可以帮助为国际人权条约和一般性意见的可能修订提供信息。
