Laboratory of Microbiology, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Laboratory of Microbiology, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Center of Technology e Biomedical Engineer Program - COPPE, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Oct 20;740:139556. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139556. Epub 2020 May 21.
The Campos Basin (100,000 km) is located on the continental shelf of southeastern Brazil. Despite the significant oil and gas industrial activities underway in the Campos Basin, scarce information is available regarding the hydrocarbon contents and microbial communities in the deep-sea sediments. To gain new insights on these aspects, we first obtained deep-sea sediment samples with different degrees of oil exposure. We obtained samples from a seabed fissure (N = 28), surroundings (250 m to 500 m from the fissure; N = 24), and a control area (N = 4). We used shotgun metagenomics to characterize the taxonomic and metabolic diversity and analyzed biogeochemical parameters (metal and oil concentration) of all samples. The high levels of unresolved complex mixture of hydrocarbons in the fissure indicate a potentially recent petrogenic contribution in these sediments. The fissure area was found to have a higher abundance of hydrocarbonoclastic bacterial genera and hydrocarbon degradation genes. These bacteria may be used as biosensors of sediment contamination. The effects of oil contamination, mainly around the fissure, are less clear at 250 m and 500 m, suggesting that the surroundings may not have been heavily affected by the oil leakage. Our study demonstrates that metagenomics can disclose biosensors for environmental monitoring.
坎波斯盆地（10 万平方公里）位于巴西东南部大陆架上。尽管坎波斯盆地的石油和天然气工业活动正在进行，但关于深海沉积物中的碳氢化合物含量和微生物群落的信息却很少。为了获得这些方面的新见解，我们首先获得了具有不同石油暴露程度的深海沉积物样本。我们从海底裂缝处（N=28）、裂缝周围（250 米至 500 米处，N=24）和对照区（N=4）获得了样本。我们使用 shotgun 宏基因组学来描述分类和代谢多样性，并分析了所有样本的生物地球化学参数（金属和石油浓度）。裂缝中未解决的复杂碳氢化合物混合物的高水平表明这些沉积物中可能存在最近的生源贡献。裂缝区域发现了更多的烃类降解细菌属和烃类降解基因。这些细菌可以用作沉积物污染的生物传感器。在 250 米和 500 米处，石油污染的影响（主要在裂缝周围）不太明显，这表明周围地区可能没有受到漏油的严重影响。我们的研究表明，宏基因组学可以揭示环境监测的生物传感器。
