High inter-species differences of 12378-polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin between humans and mice.

Although huge interspecies differences in the response to dioxins have been acknowledged, toxic equivalency factors derived from rodent studies are often used to assess human health risk. To determine interspecies differences, we first developed a toxicokinetic model in humans by measuring dioxin concentrations in environmental and biomonitoring samples from Southern China. Significant positive correlations between dioxin concentrations in blood and age were observed for seven dioxin congeners, indicating an age-dependent elimination rate. Based on toxicokinetic models in humans, the half-lives of 15 dioxin congeners were estimated to be 1.60-28.55 years. In consideration that the highest contribution to total toxic equivalency in blood samples was by 12378-polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD), this study developed a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of 12378-PCDD levels in the liver, kidney, and fat of C57/6J mice exposed to a single oral dose, and the half-life was estimated to be 26.1 days. Based on estimated half-lives in humans and mice, we determined that the interspecies difference of 12378-PCDD was 71, much higher than the default usually used in risk assessment. These results could reduce the uncertainty human risk assessment of 12378-PCDD, and our approach could be used to estimate the interspecies differences of other dioxin congeners.