de Martin Truzzi Giselle, Naufel Maria Fernanda, Tufik Sergio, Coelho Fernando Morgadinho
Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Sleep Med. 2020 Aug;72:75-81. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.03.023. Epub 2020 Mar 31.
Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder associated with loss of hypocretin cells characterized by irrepressible need to sleep, often accompanied by cataplexy, sleep fragmentation, hypnagogical and hypnopompic hallucinations, and sleep paralysis. It is also correlated with alterations in the sleep-wake cycle, dysautonomia, olfactory dysfunction, and eating disorders.
This is a review about influence of narcolepsy on human olfaction. Pubmed, Embase, Ovid and Cochrane databases were searched for articles on the evaluation of olfactory function in narcoleptic patients including terms as narcolepsy, olfaction disorder, amongst others.
Seven articles met the inclusion criteria. In five of them, the olfaction of narcoleptic patients was diminished in comparison with healthy control groups. The diagnosis of narcolepsy relates to worse performance in olfactory tests. Experimental researches showed that hypocretin and hypocretin receptors are present in the olfactory system, and this neuropeptide may have a role on olfactory sensitivity and on the olfactory modulation. The cause of hyposmia appears to be multifactorial. Among them, it stands out the hypocretin deficiency, therefore, that seems to be involved in the olfactory impairment in narcoleptic patients.
发作性睡病是一种与下丘脑分泌素细胞缺失相关的睡眠障碍，其特征为不可抑制的睡眠需求，常伴有猝倒、睡眠片段化、入睡幻觉和醒前幻觉以及睡眠麻痹。它还与睡眠-觉醒周期改变、自主神经功能障碍、嗅觉功能障碍和饮食失调有关。
这是一篇关于发作性睡病对人类嗅觉影响的综述。在PubMed、Embase、Ovid和Cochrane数据库中检索有关发作性睡病患者嗅觉功能评估的文章，检索词包括发作性睡病、嗅觉障碍等。
七篇文章符合纳入标准。其中五篇文章显示，与健康对照组相比，发作性睡病患者的嗅觉减退。发作性睡病的诊断与嗅觉测试中的较差表现有关。实验研究表明，下丘脑分泌素和下丘脑分泌素受体存在于嗅觉系统中，这种神经肽可能对嗅觉敏感性和嗅觉调节起作用。嗅觉减退的原因似乎是多因素的。其中，下丘脑分泌素缺乏较为突出，因此，它似乎与发作性睡病患者的嗅觉损害有关。
