Family Physician, Private Practice, Brou, France,
Neurocenter, Swiss Medical Network, Clinique Valmont, Glion/Montreux, Switzerland.
Eur Neurol. 2020;83(3):333-340. doi: 10.1159/000508267. Epub 2020 Jun 17.
Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893), thanks to his insight as a clinician can be said to be one of the precursors of scientific psychology. Charcot's 30 years of activity at La Salpêtrière hospital display an intellectual trajectory that decisively changed the idea of human psychology by favouring the emergence of two concepts: the subconscious and the unconscious. It was his collaboration with Pierre Janet (1859-1947), a philosopher turned physician, that led to this evolution, relying on the search for hysteria's aetiology, using hypnosis as a method of exploration. Focusing on clinical psychology that was experimental and observational, Janet built a theory of psychic automatism, "the involuntary exercise of memory and intelligence" leading to "independence of the faculties, freed from personal power." From all that came the idea of the subconscious, a functioning as a passive mental mechanism, resulting from a more or less temporary dissociation of previously associated mental content.
让-马丁·沙可（Jean-Martin Charcot，1825-1893 年），由于他作为临床医生的洞察力，可以说是科学心理学的先驱之一。沙可在萨尔佩特里埃医院的 30 年活动展示了一条具有决定意义的思想轨迹，通过支持潜意识和无意识两个概念的出现，彻底改变了人类心理学的概念。他与皮埃尔·让内（Pierre Janet，1859-1947 年）合作，让内是一位从哲学转向医学的人，这一合作促成了这种演变，他们依靠对歇斯底里病因的探索，使用催眠作为一种探索方法。让内专注于实验和观察的临床心理学，构建了一种心理自动主义理论，即“记忆和智力的无意识运用”，导致“能力的独立性，从个人权力中解放出来。”从这一切中产生了潜意识的概念，一种作为被动心理机制的运作，是由于以前相关的心理内容或多或少地暂时分离而产生的。
