Sports Medical Research Group, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Lengghalde 5, Zurich, 8008, Switzerland.
University Centre for Prevention and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2021 May;29(5):1635-1643. doi: 10.1007/s00167-020-06110-5. Epub 2020 Jun 16.
Prospective studies assessing the injuries occurring in elite competitive alpine skiers are lacking, and a full picture of all injuries, including those not requiring medical attention, is absent. Likewise, little is known about the sex-specific injury risks and patterns of elite skiers throughout an entire season (i.e. an off-season preparation period and a competition period). Accordingly, this study investigated the injuries of a national team cohort with respect to season period and sex.
Over an entire season, all injuries occurring in 44 Swiss National Ski Team members (25 females and 19 males) were registered, regardless of whether they required medical attention. Skiers were prospectively monitored by the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre (OSTRC) questionnaire and by continuously updated team medical records. Finally, these data were used as a reference for supplemental interviews, in which the correctness and completeness of the prospective data were verified.
The risk of suffering at least one injury during an entire season was 75.0% with a 95% confidence interval (73.1%, 76.9%) for traumatic injuries, and 52.3% (50.0%, 54.5%) for overuse injuries. Traumatic injuries concerned the head, lower leg and knee, while overuse injuries affected the lumbar spine, knee and hip. During the competition period, skiers were more prone to traumatic injuries, while during the off-season preparation period, skiers' risk was higher for overuse injuries. Over an entire season, there were no sex differences. However, females were more vulnerable to traumatic injuries during the preparation period and overuse injuries during the competition period, while males had a higher risk for overuse injuries during the preparation period.
When prospectively registering injuries among elite competitive alpine skiers over an entire season, regardless of whether the injuries required medical attention, the injury risks were alarmingly high and substantially larger than those previously reported. Moreover, since injury risks and patterns are season period and sex dependent, it is strongly recommended that (1) injury registration focuses on both the off-season preparation period and the competition period and (2) prevention efforts are specifically tailored to the sex of the athletes.
II.
缺乏评估精英高山滑雪运动员受伤情况的前瞻性研究，因此缺乏对所有受伤情况（包括无需医疗关注的受伤情况）的全面了解。同样，对于整个赛季（即赛季前准备期和比赛期）中精英滑雪运动员的性别特异性受伤风险和模式，我们知之甚少。因此，本研究调查了一个国家队队列的受伤情况，涉及赛季期间和性别。
在整个赛季中，无论是否需要医疗关注，所有在 44 名瑞士国家滑雪队成员（25 名女性和 19 名男性）中发生的受伤情况均由奥斯陆运动创伤研究中心（OSTRC）问卷和不断更新的团队医疗记录进行前瞻性监测。最后，这些数据被用作补充访谈的参考，在访谈中验证了前瞻性数据的正确性和完整性。
整个赛季中，至少发生一次创伤性损伤的风险为 75.0%（95%置信区间为 73.1%，76.9%），过度使用性损伤的风险为 52.3%（50.0%，54.5%）。创伤性损伤涉及头部、小腿和膝盖，而过度使用性损伤影响腰椎、膝盖和臀部。在比赛期间，滑雪者更容易发生创伤性损伤，而在赛季前准备期间，滑雪者过度使用性损伤的风险更高。整个赛季中，性别间无差异。然而，女性在准备期更容易发生创伤性损伤，在比赛期更容易发生过度使用性损伤，而男性在准备期过度使用性损伤的风险更高。
当前瞻性地在整个赛季中登记精英高山滑雪运动员的受伤情况时，无论受伤是否需要医疗关注，受伤风险都高得惊人，大大高于以前的报告。此外，由于受伤风险和模式与赛季期间和性别有关，因此强烈建议（1）受伤登记既要关注赛季前准备期又要关注比赛期，（2）预防工作要根据运动员的性别进行具体调整。
II 级。
